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Relationships among the Fossil Fuel and Financial Markets during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Bayesian DCC-MGARCH Models

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  • Chaofeng Tang

    (Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan)

  • Kentaka Aruga

    (Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan)

Abstract

This study examined how the relationships among the fossil fuel, clean energy stock, gold, and Bitcoin markets have changed since the COVID-19 pandemic took place for hedging the price change risks in the fossil fuel markets. We applied the Bayesian Dynamic Conditional Correlation-Multivariate GARCH (DCC-MGARCH) models using US daily data from 2 January 2019 to 26 February 2021. Our results suggest that the fossil fuel (WTI crude oil and natural gas) and financial markets (clean energy stock, gold, and Bitcoin) generally had negative relationships in 2019 before the pandemic prevailed, but they became positive for a while in mid-2020, alternating between positive (0.8) and negative values (−0.8). As it is known that negative relationships are required among assets to hedge the risk of price changes, this implies that stakeholders need to be cautious in hedging the risk across the fossil fuel and financial markets when a crisis like COVID-19 occurs. However, our study also revealed that such negative relationships only lasted for three to six months, suggesting that the effects of the pandemic were short term and that stakeholders in the fossil fuel markets could cross hedge with the financial markets in the long term.

Suggested Citation

  • Chaofeng Tang & Kentaka Aruga, 2021. "Relationships among the Fossil Fuel and Financial Markets during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Bayesian DCC-MGARCH Models," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-22, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2021:i:1:p:51-:d:707883
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Farid, Saqib & Karim, Sitara & Naeem, Muhammad A. & Nepal, Rabindra & Jamasb, Tooraj, 2023. "Co-movement between dirty and clean energy: A time-frequency perspective," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    2. Inzamam UI Haq & Hira Nadeem & Apichit Maneengam & Saowanee Samantreeporn & Nhan Huynh & Thasporn Kettanom & Worakamol Wisetsri, 2022. "Do Rare Earths and Energy Commodities Drive Volatility Transmission in Sustainable Financial Markets? Evidence from China, Australia, and the US," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-22, September.

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