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Water Storage in Dry Riverbeds of Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: Overview, Challenges, and Prospects of Sand Dam Technology

Author

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  • Bisrat Ayalew Yifru

    (Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
    Department of Land, Water and Environment Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang 10223, Korea)

  • Min-Gyu Kim

    (Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea)

  • Jeong-Woo Lee

    (Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea)

  • Il-Hwan Kim

    (Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea)

  • Sun-Woo Chang

    (Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
    Department of Land, Water and Environment Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang 10223, Korea)

  • Il-Moon Chung

    (Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
    Department of Land, Water and Environment Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang 10223, Korea)

Abstract

Augmenting water availability using water-harvesting structures is of importance in arid and semi-arid regions (ASARs). This paper provides an overview and examines challenges and prospects of the sand dam application in dry riverbeds of ASARs. The technology filters and protects water from contamination and evaporation with low to no maintenance cost. Sand dams improve the socio-economy of the community and help to cope with drought and climate change. However, success depends on the site selection, design, and construction. The ideal site for a sand dam is at a transition between mountains and plains, with no bend, intermediate slope, and impermeable riverbed in a catchment with a slope greater than 2°. The spillway dimensioning considers the flow velocity, sediment properties, and storage target, and the construction is in multi-stages. Recently, the failure of several sand dams because of incorrect siting, evaporation loss, and one-stage construction were reported. Revision of practitioners’ manuals by considering catchment scale hydrological and hydrogeological characteristics, spillway height, and sediment transport are recommended. Research shows that protected wells have better water quality than open wells and scoop holes. Therefore, the community should avoid open defecation, pit latrines, tethering of animals, and applying pesticides near the sand dam.

Suggested Citation

  • Bisrat Ayalew Yifru & Min-Gyu Kim & Jeong-Woo Lee & Il-Hwan Kim & Sun-Woo Chang & Il-Moon Chung, 2021. "Water Storage in Dry Riverbeds of Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: Overview, Challenges, and Prospects of Sand Dam Technology," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-17, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:11:p:5905-:d:561090
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ralph Lasage & Jeroen Aerts & Peter Verburg & Alemu Sileshi, 2015. "The role of small scale sand dams in securing water supply under climate change in Ethiopia," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 20(2), pages 317-339, February.
    2. Ayami Hayashi & Keigo Akimoto & Toshimasa Tomoda & Masanobu Kii, 2013. "Global evaluation of the effects of agriculture and water management adaptations on the water-stressed population," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 18(5), pages 591-618, June.
    3. Johan Rockström & Malin Falkenmark, 2015. "Agriculture: Increase water harvesting in Africa," Nature, Nature, vol. 519(7543), pages 283-285, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Zekâi Şen, 2021. "Reservoirs for Water Supply Under Climate Change Impact—A Review," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 35(11), pages 3827-3843, September.
    2. Kamal Abdelrahim Mohamed Shuka & Wang Ke & Mohammad Sohail Nazar & Ghali Abdullahi Abubakar & AmirReza Shahtahamssebi, 2022. "Impact of Hydrological Infrastructure Projects on Land Use/Cover and Socioeconomic Development in Arid Regions—Evidence from the Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex, Kassala, Eastern Sudan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-23, March.

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