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The Effect of Conservation Agriculture and Environmental Factors on CO 2 Emissions in a Rainfed Crop Rotation

Author

Listed:
  • Rosa Carbonell-Bojollo

    (Área de Agricultura y Medio Ambiente, Centro Ifapa “Alameda del Obispo”, Apdo 3092, 14080 Córdoba, Spain)

  • Oscar Veroz-Gonzalez

    (Asociación Española Agricultura de Conservación. Suelos Vivos—European Conservation Agriculture Federation (AEAC.SV-ECAF), IFAPA Alameda del Obispo, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain)

  • Rafaela Ordoñez-Fernandez

    (Área de Agricultura y Medio Ambiente, Centro Ifapa “Alameda del Obispo”, Apdo 3092, 14080 Córdoba, Spain)

  • Manuel Moreno-Garcia

    (Área de Agricultura y Medio Ambiente, Centro Ifapa “Alameda del Obispo”, Apdo 3092, 14080 Córdoba, Spain)

  • Gottlieb Basch

    (Institute of Mediterranean Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (ICAAM), Universidade de Évora, 7000-812 Évora, Portugal)

  • Amir Kassam

    (School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, UK)

  • Miguel A. Repullo-Ruiberriz de Torres

    (Área de Agricultura y Medio Ambiente, Centro Ifapa “Alameda del Obispo”, Apdo 3092, 14080 Córdoba, Spain)

  • Emilio J. Gonzalez-Sanchez

    (Asociación Española Agricultura de Conservación. Suelos Vivos—European Conservation Agriculture Federation (AEAC.SV-ECAF), IFAPA Alameda del Obispo, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
    Departamento de Ingeniería Rural, ETSIAM, Universidad de Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain)

Abstract

There are many factors involved in the release of CO 2 emissions from the soil, such as the type of soil management, the soil organic matter, the soil temperature and moisture conditions, crop phenological stage, weather conditions, residue management, among others. This study aimed to analyse the influence of these factors and their interactions to determine the emissions by evaluating the environmental cost expressed as the kg of CO 2 emitted per kg of production in each of the crops and seasons studied. For this purpose, a field trial was conducted on a farm in Seville (Spain). The study compared Conservation Agriculture, including its three principles (no-tillage, permanent soil cover, and crop rotations), with conventional tillage. Carbon dioxide emissions measured across the four seasons of the experiment showed an increase strongly influenced by rainfall during the vegetative period, in both soil management systems. The results of this study confirm that extreme events of precipitation away from the normal means, result in episodes of high CO 2 emissions into the atmosphere. This is very important because one of the consequences for future scenarios of climate change is precisely the increase of extreme episodes of precipitation and periods extremely dry, depending on the area considered. The total of emission values of the different plots of the study show how the soils under the conventional system (tillage) have been emitting 67% more than soils under the conventional agriculture system during the 2010/11 campaign and 25% for the last campaign where the most appreciable differences are observed.

Suggested Citation

  • Rosa Carbonell-Bojollo & Oscar Veroz-Gonzalez & Rafaela Ordoñez-Fernandez & Manuel Moreno-Garcia & Gottlieb Basch & Amir Kassam & Miguel A. Repullo-Ruiberriz de Torres & Emilio J. Gonzalez-Sanchez, 2019. "The Effect of Conservation Agriculture and Environmental Factors on CO 2 Emissions in a Rainfed Crop Rotation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(14), pages 1-19, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:14:p:3955-:d:250241
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Deepak K. Ray & James S. Gerber & Graham K. MacDonald & Paul C. West, 2015. "Climate variation explains a third of global crop yield variability," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 6(1), pages 1-9, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Louis Sevitnenyi Nkwatoh, 2022. "Zero-pollution effect and economic development: standard and nested environmental Kuznets curve analyses for West Africa," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(10), pages 11895-11910, October.
    2. Zhenkai Yang & Mei-Chih Wang & Tsangyao Chang & Wing-Keung Wong & Fangjhy Li, 2022. "Which Factors Determine CO 2 Emissions in China? Trade Openness, Financial Development, Coal Consumption, Economic Growth or Urbanization: Quantile Granger Causality Test," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-18, March.

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