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Mapping Obesogenic Food Environments in South Africa and Ghana: Correlations and Contradictions

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  • Florian Kroll

    (School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
    Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Private Mail Bag, University Post Office, KNUST, Kumasi 0023351, Ghana
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Elizabeth Catherina Swart

    (School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
    Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Reginald Adjetey Annan

    (Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Private Mail Bag, University Post Office, KNUST, Kumasi 0023351, Ghana
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Anne Marie Thow

    (Menzies Centre for Health Policy, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • David Neves

    (Institute for Poverty, Land and Agrarian Studies, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Charles Apprey

    (Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Private Mail Bag, University Post Office, KNUST, Kumasi 0023351, Ghana
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Linda Nana Esi Aduku

    (Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Private Mail Bag, University Post Office, KNUST, Kumasi 0023351, Ghana
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Nana Ama Frimpomaa Agyapong

    (Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Private Mail Bag, University Post Office, KNUST, Kumasi 0023351, Ghana
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Jean-Claude Moubarac

    (Département de Nutrition, Faculté de Médecine, Universi té de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Centre-ville Station Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Andries du Toit

    (Institute for Poverty, Land and Agrarian Studies, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Robert Aidoo

    (Department of Agricultural Economics, Agribusiness & Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 0023351, Ghana
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • David Sanders

    (School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

In sub-Saharan Africa, urbanisation and food systems change contribute to rapid dietary transitions promoting obesity. It is unclear to what extent these changes are mediated by neighbourhood food environments or other factors. This paper correlates neighbourhood food provision with household consumption and poverty in Khayelitsha, South Africa and Ahodwo, Ghana. Georeferenced survey data of food consumption and provision were classified by obesity risk and protection. Outlets were mapped, and density and distribution correlated with risk classes. In Khayelitsha, 71% of households exceeded dietary obesity risk thresholds while 16% consumed protective diets. Obesogenic profiles were less (26%) and protective more prevalent (23%) in Ahodwo despite greater income poverty in Khayelitsha. Here, income-deprived households consumed significantly ( p < 0.005) less obesogenic and protective diets. Small informal food outlets dominated numerically but supermarkets were key household food sources in Khayelitsha. Although density of food provision in Ahodwo was higher (76/km 2 ), Khayelitsha outlets (61/km 2 ) provided greater access to obesogenic (57% Khayelitsha; 39% Ahodwo) and protective (43% Khayelitsha; 16% Ahodwo) foods. Consumption and provision profiles correlate more strongly in Ahodwo than Khayelitsha (rKhayelitsha = 0.624; rAhodwo = 0.862). Higher obesogenic food consumption in Khayelitsha suggests that risky food environments and poverty together promote obesogenic diets.

Suggested Citation

  • Florian Kroll & Elizabeth Catherina Swart & Reginald Adjetey Annan & Anne Marie Thow & David Neves & Charles Apprey & Linda Nana Esi Aduku & Nana Ama Frimpomaa Agyapong & Jean-Claude Moubarac & Andrie, 2019. "Mapping Obesogenic Food Environments in South Africa and Ghana: Correlations and Contradictions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(14), pages 1-31, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:14:p:3924-:d:249575
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Taissa Pereira de Araújo & Milena M. de Moraes & Vânia Magalhães & Cláudia Afonso & Cristina Santos & Sara S. P. Rodrigues, 2021. "Ultra-Processed Food Availability and Noncommunicable Diseases: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-11, July.
    3. Davis, Jac & Magadzire, Nyasha & Hemerijckx, Lisa-Marie & Maes, Tijs & Durno, Darryn & Kenyana, Nobelusi & Lwasa, Shuaib & Van Rompaey, Anton & Verburg, Peter H. & May, Julian, 2022. "Precision approaches to food insecurity: A spatial analysis of urban hunger and its contextual correlates in an African city," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    4. Zandile June-Rose Mchiza, 2022. "Diet Therapy and Public Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-7, July.
    5. Constance Awuor Gewa & Agatha Christine Onyango & Rose Okoyo Opiyo & Lawrence Cheskin & Joel Gittelsohn, 2021. "Food Environment in and around Primary School Children’s Schools and Neighborhoods in Two Urban Settings in Kenya," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-19, May.
    6. Vhushavhelo Nedzingahe & Betrand Ayuk Tambe & Mthokozisi Kwazi Zuma & Xikombiso Gertrude Mbhenyane, 2023. "Associations among Food Systems, Food Environments, Food Choices, Food Security, and Nutrition Transition in Limpopo Province, South Africa: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(16), pages 1-21, August.

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