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Designing Protected Areas for Social–Ecological Sustainability: Effectiveness of Management Guidelines for Preserving Cultural Landscapes

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  • Patricio Sarmiento-Mateos

    (Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz

    (Social-ecological Systems Laboratory, Department of Ecology, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain)

  • Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui

    (Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Francisco D. Pineda

    (Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • María F. Schmitz

    (Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

Abstract

Rural cultural landscapes are social–ecological systems that have been shaped by traditional human land uses in a co-evolution process between nature and culture. Protected areas should be an effective way to protect cultural landscapes and support the way of life and the economy of the local population. However, nature conservation policymaking processes and management guidelines frequently do not take culturalness into account. Through a new quantitative approach, this paper analyzes the regulatory framework of two protected areas under different management categories, located in an ancient cultural landscape of the Madrid Region (Central Spain), to identify the similarities in their conservation commitments and the effectiveness of their zoning schemes. The results show some arbitrariness in the design and management of these parks, highlighting the importance of prohibited measures in their zoning schemes that encourage uses and activities more related to naturalness than to culturalness. The recognition of protected areas as cultural landscapes and their management considering both naturalness and culturalness issues are important methods of better achieving sustainable management objectives from a social–ecological approach. This methodological approach has proven useful to unravel various legislative content, and its application on a larger scale could reveal important information for the sound management of protected areas (PAs) in cultural landscapes.

Suggested Citation

  • Patricio Sarmiento-Mateos & Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz & Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui & Francisco D. Pineda & María F. Schmitz, 2019. "Designing Protected Areas for Social–Ecological Sustainability: Effectiveness of Management Guidelines for Preserving Cultural Landscapes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-20, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:10:p:2871-:d:232847
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Salvatore Di Fazio & Giuseppe Modica, 2018. "Historic Rural Landscapes: Sustainable Planning Strategies and Action Criteria. The Italian Experience in the Global and European Context," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-27, October.
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    3. James E. M. Watson & Nigel Dudley & Daniel B. Segan & Marc Hockings, 2014. "The performance and potential of protected areas," Nature, Nature, vol. 515(7525), pages 67-73, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Nicolas Marine & Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz & Luis Santos-Cid & María F. Schmitz, 2022. "Can We Foresee Landscape Interest? Maximum Entropy Applied to Social Media Photographs: A Case Study in Madrid," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-13, May.
    2. Maolin Li & Yongxun Zhang & Changhong Miao & Lulu He & Jiatao Chen, 2022. "Centennial Change and Source–Sink Interaction Process of Traditional Agricultural Landscape: Case from Xin’an Traditional Cherry Cultivation System (1920–2020)," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-22, October.
    3. Ahmadreza Shirvani Dastgerdi & Reza Kheyroddin, 2023. "Building Resilience in Cultural Landscapes: Exploring the Role of Transdisciplinary and Participatory Planning in the Recovery of the Shushtar Historical Hydraulic System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-19, July.
    4. Nicolas Marine & Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz & Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui & Manuel Rodrigo de la O Cabrera & David Escudero & María F. Schmitz, 2020. "Protected Landscapes in Spain: Reasons for Protection and Sustainability of Conservation Management," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-21, August.
    5. Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz & Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui & María F. Schmitz, 2021. "Recreational and Nature-Based Tourism as a Cultural Ecosystem Service. Assessment and Mapping in a Rural-Urban Gradient of Central Spain," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-19, March.
    6. María Fe Schmitz & Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui, 2021. "Cultural Landscape Preservation and Social–Ecological Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-5, March.
    7. Alberto Jonay Rodríguez-Darias & Pablo Díaz-Rodríguez, 2023. "Some Considerations on the Implications of Protected Areas for Sustainable Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-15, February.
    8. María F. Schmitz & Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz & Patricio Sarmiento-Mateos, 2021. "High Nature Value Farming Systems and Protected Areas: Conservation Opportunities or Land Abandonment? A Study Case in the Madrid Region (Spain)," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-17, July.

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