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Connectivity of Protected Areas: Effect of Human Pressure and Subnational Contributions in the Ecoregions of Tropical Andean Countries

Author

Listed:
  • Luis Santiago Castillo

    (Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá 111311, Colombia
    Naturaleza y Cultura Internacional, Loja 1101332, Ecuador)

  • Camilo Andrés Correa Ayram

    (Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá 111311, Colombia)

  • Clara L. Matallana Tobón

    (Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá 111311, Colombia)

  • Germán Corzo

    (Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá 111311, Colombia)

  • Alexandra Areiza

    (Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá 111311, Colombia)

  • Roy González-M.

    (Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá 111311, Colombia)

  • Felipe Serrano

    (Naturaleza y Cultura Internacional, Loja 1101332, Ecuador)

  • Luis Chalán Briceño

    (Naturaleza y Cultura Internacional, Loja 1101332, Ecuador)

  • Felipe Sánchez Puertas

    (Naturaleza y Cultura Internacional, Loja 1101332, Ecuador)

  • Alexander More

    (Naturaleza y Cultura Internacional, Lima 15047, Peru)

  • Oscar Franco

    (Naturaleza y Cultura Internacional, Lima 15047, Peru)

  • Henry Bloomfield

    (Fundación Natura Bolivia, Santa Cruz de la Sierra 951, Bolivia)

  • Victoria Lina Aguilera Orrury

    (Fundación Natura Bolivia, Santa Cruz de la Sierra 951, Bolivia)

  • Catalina Rivadeneira Canedo

    (Fundación Natura Bolivia, Santa Cruz de la Sierra 951, Bolivia)

  • Vilisa Morón-Zambrano

    (Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas 1086, Venezuela)

  • Edgard Yerena

    (Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas 1086, Venezuela)

  • Juan Papadakis

    (Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas 1086, Venezuela)

  • Juan José Cárdenas

    (Interalianza Consultores, Caracas 1071, Venezuela)

  • Rachel E. Golden Kroner

    (Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, VA 22202, USA)

  • Oscar Godínez-Gómez

    (Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad, Mexico City CDMX 14010, Mexico)

Abstract

Conservationists recognize the value of protected area (PA) systems, with adequate coverage, ecological representation, connection, and management to deliver conservation benefits. Yet, governments primarily focus on coverage, disregarding quantification of the other criteria. While recent studies have assessed global representation and connectivity, they present limitations due to: (1) limited accuracy of the World Database of Protected Areas used, as governments may report areas that do not meet the IUCN or CBD PA definitions or omit subnational PAs, and (2) failure to include human impacts on the landscape in connectivity assessments. We constructed a validated PA database for Tropical Andean Countries (TAC; Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú, and Venezuela) and used the existing Protected-Connected-Land ( ProtConn ) indicator—incorporating the Global Human Footprint as a spatial proxy for human pressure—to evaluate TAC ecoregions’ representation and connectivity. We found that just 27% of ecoregions in the TAC are both protected and connected on more than 17% of their lands. As we included human pressure, we conclude that previous global ProtConn studies overestimate PA connectivity. Subnational PAs are promising for strengthening the representation of PA systems. If nations seek to meet Aichi target 11, or an upcoming post-2020 30% target, further efforts are needed to implement and report subnational conservation areas and appropriately evaluate PA systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Luis Santiago Castillo & Camilo Andrés Correa Ayram & Clara L. Matallana Tobón & Germán Corzo & Alexandra Areiza & Roy González-M. & Felipe Serrano & Luis Chalán Briceño & Felipe Sánchez Puertas & Ale, 2020. "Connectivity of Protected Areas: Effect of Human Pressure and Subnational Contributions in the Ecoregions of Tropical Andean Countries," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-19, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:9:y:2020:i:8:p:239-:d:388383
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    References listed on IDEAS

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