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Where to Revitalize, and How? A Rural Typology Zoning for China

Author

Listed:
  • Yaojin Zhou

    (College of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, Peking University, 5 Summer Palace Road, Haidian, Beijing 100871, China
    Shanghai Urban Planning and Natural Resources Bureau, 99 Beijing West Road, Huangpu, Shanghai 200003, China
    These authors contributed equally to this paper.)

  • Yao Shen

    (College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Yangpu, Shanghai 200092, China
    These authors contributed equally to this paper.)

  • Xuexi Yang

    (Department of Geo-Informatics, School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, 932 Lushan South Road, Yuelu, Changsha 410083, China
    Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, 5 Summer Palace Road, Haidian, Beijing 100871, China)

  • Zhifang Wang

    (College of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, Peking University, 5 Summer Palace Road, Haidian, Beijing 100871, China)

  • Liyan Xu

    (College of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, Peking University, 5 Summer Palace Road, Haidian, Beijing 100871, China)

Abstract

Under China’s Rural Revitalization program, it is essential to accurately determine the prospects of revival or decay for the villages alongside specific goals and paths, which existing literature lacks a systematic coverage. Based on rural typology theories, this paper proposes an analytical framework to determine the type of village revitalization from the perspective of factor endowments. Utilizing five groups of 45 indicators characterizing the natural, socio-economic, and cultural endowments of villages, this paper applies the Self-Organizing Mapping neural network to cluster 2,388,579 natural villages in 48,322 townships across the nation into the four basic types of rural revitalization as directed by China’s Strategic Plan for Rural Revitalization (2018–2022): (1) Agglomerative Promotion, (2) Suburban Annexation, (3) Special Endowment-based Development, and (4) Out-migration and Relocation. The results of cluster analysis are spatially visualized to form a national rural revitalization zoning map at the township level, the first attempt to our knowledge. We conclude the paper with discussions on the revitalization paths of the various types of villages, particularly the seemingly gloomy prospect of 2/3 of the villages falling into the fourth category, and ways to interpret the deterministic nature of the conclusion. The paper expands the understanding of rural typology to a national scale with both innovative categorization processes and strong linkages to revitalization practices.

Suggested Citation

  • Yaojin Zhou & Yao Shen & Xuexi Yang & Zhifang Wang & Liyan Xu, 2021. "Where to Revitalize, and How? A Rural Typology Zoning for China," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-21, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:10:y:2021:i:12:p:1336-:d:695108
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    3. Zijie Zhou & Xin Zheng, 2022. "A Cultural Route Perspective on Rural Revitalization of Traditional Villages: A Case Study from Chishui, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-23, February.
    4. Wei Wei & Guanyi Yin & Shuai Xie & Qingzhi Sun & Zhan Zhang & Guanghao Li, 2023. "The Spatio-Temporal Patterns and Influencing Factors of Different New Agricultural Business Entities in China—Based on POI Data from 2012 to 2021," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-26, July.
    5. Zehong Li & Xinran Miao & Mengyuan Wang & Shuguang Jiang & Yuxian Wang, 2022. "The Classification and Regulation of Mountain Villages in the Context of Rural Revitalization—The Example of Zhaotong, Yunnan Province," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-19, September.
    6. Qidi Dong & Linjia Wu & Jun Cai & Di Li & Qibing Chen, 2022. "Construction of Ecological and Recreation Patterns in Rural Landscape Space: A Case Study of the Dujiangyan Irrigation District in Chengdu, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-21, March.

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