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Perceived Stress Scale: Reliability and Validity Study in Greece

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  • Eleni Andreou

    (Postgraduate Course Stress Management and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Soranou Ephessiou Str. 4, GR-115-27, Athens, Greece
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Evangelos C. Alexopoulos

    (Postgraduate Course Stress Management and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Soranou Ephessiou Str. 4, GR-115-27, Athens, Greece
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Christos Lionis

    (Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 74100, Crete, Greece)

  • Liza Varvogli

    (Postgraduate Course Stress Management and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Soranou Ephessiou Str. 4, GR-115-27, Athens, Greece)

  • Charalambos Gnardellis

    (Technological Educational Institute of Messolonghi, 30200 Messolonghi, Greece)

  • George P. Chrousos

    (Postgraduate Course Stress Management and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Soranou Ephessiou Str. 4, GR-115-27, Athens, Greece
    1st Department of Pediatrics, Athens University Medical School, Athens 11527, Greece
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Christina Darviri

    (Postgraduate Course Stress Management and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Soranou Ephessiou Str. 4, GR-115-27, Athens, Greece
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

Objective : To translate the Perceived Stress Scale (versions PSS-4, -10 and -14) and to assess its psychometric properties in a sample of general Greek population. Methods : 941 individuals completed anonymously questionnaires comprising of PSS, the Depression Anxiety and Stress scale (DASS-21 version), and a list of stress-related symptoms. Psychometric properties of PSS were investigated by confirmatory factor analysis (construct validity), Cronbach’s alpha (reliability), and by investigating relations with the DASS-21 scores and the number of symptoms, across individuals’ characteristics. The two-factor structure of PSS-10 and PSS-14 was confirmed in our analysis. We found satisfactory Cronbach’s alpha values (0.82 for the full scale) for PSS-14 and PSS-10 and marginal satisfactory values for PSS-4 (0.69). PSS score exhibited high correlation coefficients with DASS-21 subscales scores, meaning stress ( r = 0.64), depression ( r = 0.61), and anxiety ( r = 0.54). Women reported significantly more stress compared to men and divorced or widows compared to married or singled only. A strong significant ( p Conclusions : The Greek versions of the PSS-14 and PSS-10 exhibited satisfactory psychometric properties and their use for research and health care practice is warranted.

Suggested Citation

  • Eleni Andreou & Evangelos C. Alexopoulos & Christos Lionis & Liza Varvogli & Charalambos Gnardellis & George P. Chrousos & Christina Darviri, 2011. "Perceived Stress Scale: Reliability and Validity Study in Greece," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 8(8), pages 1-12, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:8:y:2011:i:8:p:3287-3298:d:13511
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Folkman, Susan, 1997. "Positive psychological states and coping with severe stress," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 45(8), pages 1207-1221, October.
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    2. Fix, Rebecca L. & Mendelson, Tamar, 2022. "Stress, worry, and health problems experienced by Black and Indigenous caregivers of girls with juvenile legal system involvement," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    3. Nasser M. Al-Daghri & Abdulaziz Al-Othman & Abdulmajeed Albanyan & Omar S. Al-Attas & Majed S. Alokail & Shaun Sabico & George P. Chrousos, 2014. "Perceived Stress Scores among Saudi Students Entering Universities: A Prospective Study during the First Year of University Life," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-10, April.
    4. Pedro Belinchón-deMiguel & Pablo Ruisoto & Beat Knechtle & Pantelis T. Nikolaidis & Beliña Herrera-Tapias & Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez, 2021. "Predictors of Athlete’s Performance in Ultra-Endurance Mountain Races," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-8, January.
    5. Ginette G. Ferszt & Robin J. Miller & Joyce E. Hickey & Fleet Maull & Kate Crisp, 2015. "The Impact of a Mindfulness Based Program on Perceived Stress, Anxiety, Depression and Sleep of Incarcerated Women," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-14, September.
    6. Zhuang She & Dan Li & Wei Zhang & Ningning Zhou & Juzhe Xi & Kang Ju, 2021. "Three Versions of the Perceived Stress Scale: Psychometric Evaluation in a Nationally Representative Sample of Chinese Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-9, August.
    7. Maheshwari Andhavarapu & James Orwa & Marleen Temmerman & Joseph Wangira Musana, 2021. "Maternal Sociodemographic Factors and Antenatal Stress," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-20, June.
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