IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v16y2019i18p3495-d268672.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Effects of Traditional vs. iPad-Enhanced Aerobic Exercise on Wayfinding Efficacy and Cognition: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

Listed:
  • Daniel Palac

    (Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
    The authors have same contribution.)

  • Tiffany Bullard

    (Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA)

  • Jason D. Cohen

    (Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA)

  • Lydia T. Nguyen

    (Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA)

  • Raksha A. Mudar

    (Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
    Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Champaign, IL 61820, USA)

  • Sean P. Mullen

    (Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
    Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana, IL 61801, USA
    Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana, IL 61801, USA
    The authors have same contribution.)

Abstract

The purpose of this pilot study was to test the feasibility and efficacy of an iPad-enhanced aerobic exercise intervention designed to enhance wayfinding efficacy and performance and relevant cognitive functioning among middle-aged adults at risk for cognitive impairment. Twenty-seven low active adults (21 females) aged 45 to 62 years (51.22 ± 5.20) participated in a ten-week randomized controlled trial. Participants were randomized to an iPad-enhanced aerobic exercise group (experimental group) or an aerobic exercise-only group (control group) following baseline assessment. Both groups exercised at 50% to 75% of age-predicted heart rate maximum for 30 to 50 min/d, 2 d/wk for 10 weeks. During aerobic exercise, the experimental group engaged in virtual tours delivered via iPad. Baseline and post-intervention assessments of wayfinding self-efficacy, wayfinding task performance, cognitive functioning, electroencephalogram (EEG), and psychosocial questionnaires were administered. The results suggest that ten weeks of iPad-enhanced, moderately intense aerobic exercise had specific effects on wayfinding self-efficacy; however, no statistical differences were found between groups on the behavioral wayfinding task or spatial memory performance at follow-up. Performance scores on an inhibitory attentional-control cognitive assessment revealed significant differences between groups, favoring the experimental group ( p < 0.05). Virtual reality-enhanced aerobic exercise may prove to be an effective method for improving cognitive function and increasing confidence to navigate real-world scenarios among individuals at risk of cognitive impairment.

Suggested Citation

  • Daniel Palac & Tiffany Bullard & Jason D. Cohen & Lydia T. Nguyen & Raksha A. Mudar & Sean P. Mullen, 2019. "Effects of Traditional vs. iPad-Enhanced Aerobic Exercise on Wayfinding Efficacy and Cognition: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-16, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:18:p:3495-:d:268672
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/18/3495/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/18/3495/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Satariano, W.A. & Guralnik, J.M. & Jackson, R.J. & Marottoli, R.A. & Phelan, E.A. & Prohaska, T.R., 2012. "Mobility and aging: New directions for public health action," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102(8), pages 1508-1515.
    2. Chebat, Jean-Charles & Gélinas-Chebat, Claire & Therrien, Karina, 2008. "Gender-related wayfinding time of mall shoppers," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 61(10), pages 1076-1082, October.
    3. Sean P. Mullen & Edward McAuley & William A. Satariano & Melissa Kealey & Thomas R. Prohaska, 2012. "Physical Activity and Functional Limitations in Older Adults: The Influence of Self-Efficacy and Functional Performance," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 67(3), pages 354-361.
    4. F. E. Matthews & B. C. M. Stephan & L. Robinson & C. Jagger & L. E. Barnes & A. Arthur & C. Brayne, 2016. "A two decade dementia incidence comparison from the Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies I and II," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 7(1), pages 1-8, September.
    5. Chebat, Jean-Charles & Gelinas-Chebat, Claire & Therrien, Karina, 2005. "Lost in a mall, the effects of gender, familiarity with the shopping mall and the shopping values on shoppers' wayfinding processes," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 58(11), pages 1590-1598, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Haj-Salem, Narjes & Chebat, Jean Charles & Michon, Richard & Oliveira, Sandra, 2016. "Why male and female shoppers do not see mall loyalty through the same lens? The mediating role of self-congruity," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(3), pages 1219-1227.
    2. Christoph Teller & Jennifer A. Thomson, 2011. "Gender differences of shoppers in the marketing and management of retail agglomerations," The Service Industries Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 32(6), pages 961-980, January.
    3. Krey, Nina & Picot-Coupey, Karine & Cliquet, Gérard, 2022. "Shopping mall retailing: A bibliometric analysis and systematic assessment of Chebat's contributions," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    4. Sutthipong Meeyai, 2015. "Modeling Store Patronage: A Systematic Review," International Conference on Marketing and Business Development Journal, The Bucharest University of Economic Studies, vol. 1(1), pages 40-48, July.
    5. Rosenbaum, Mark S. & Otalora, Mauricio Losada & Ramírez, Germán Contreras, 2016. "The restorative potential of shopping malls," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 157-165.
    6. Spinney, Jamie E.L. & Newbold, K. Bruce & Scott, Darren M. & Vrkljan, Brenda & Grenier, Amanda, 2020. "The impact of driving status on out-of-home and social activity engagement among older Canadians," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    7. Serge Lenga, 2013. "Un effet modérateur des processus cognitifs de l'entrepreneur sur les opportunités d'affaires situées dans l'espace géographique," Working Papers hal-00832027, HAL.
    8. Klaus Hauer & Phoebe Ullrich & Patrick Heldmann & Laura Bauknecht & Saskia Hummel & Bastian Abel & Juergen M. Bauer & Sarah E. Lamb & Christian Werner, 2021. "Psychometric Properties of the Proxy-Reported Life-Space Assessment in Institutionalized Settings (LSA-IS-Proxy) for Older Persons with and without Cognitive Impairment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-17, April.
    9. El Hedhli, Kamel & Zourrig, Haithem & Park, Jeongsoo, 2017. "Image transfer from malls to stores and its influence on shopping values and mall patronage: The role of self-congruity," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 208-218.
    10. Ziqi Zhang & Zhi Qiu, 2020. "Exploring Daily Activity Patterns on the Typical Day of Older Adults for Supporting Aging-in-Place in China’s Rural Environment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-20, November.
    11. Saliu Adejumobi Balogun & Aravinda Meera Guntupalli, 2016. "Gender difference in the prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of mobility disability among older adults in Nigeria," European Journal of Ageing, Springer, vol. 13(3), pages 231-239, September.
    12. Kazumasa Yamada, 2019. "An Acquaintance with An Aging Society," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-27, April.
    13. Gilboa, Shaked & Vilnai-Yavetz, Iris, 2010. "Four generations of mall visitors in Israel: A study of mall activities, visiting patterns, and products purchased," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 17(6), pages 501-511.
    14. Piotr Skórka & Beata Grzywacz & Dawid Moroń & Magdalena Lenda, 2020. "The macroecology of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Anthropocene," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(7), pages 1-17, July.
    15. Otterbring, Tobias & Wästlund, Erik & Gustafsson, Anders & Shams, Poja, 2014. "Vision (im)possible? The effects of in-store signage on customers’ visual attention," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 21(5), pages 676-684.
    16. Fatima Ghani & Jerome N Rachele & Venurs HY Loh & Simon Washington & Gavin Turrell, 2019. "Do Differences in Social Environments Explain Gender Differences in Recreational Walking across Neighbourhoods?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-18, June.
    17. Huang, Li-Ting, 2016. "Flow and social capital theory in online impulse buying," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(6), pages 2277-2283.
    18. Shulin Lai & Yuquan Zhou & Yuan Yuan, 2021. "Associations between Community Cohesion and Subjective Wellbeing of the Elderly in Guangzhou, China—A Cross-Sectional Study Based on the Structural Equation Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-23, January.
    19. Tony ShunTe Yuo & Yu-Cheng Lin & Jou-Hsuan Wu & Kuan-Yu Huang, 2013. "Shopping Centre Spatial Complexity, Management Efficiency and Tenant Mix Variety," ERES eres2013_46, European Real Estate Society (ERES).
    20. Chebat, Jean-Charles & Haj-Salem, Narjes & Oliveira, Sandra, 2014. "Why shopping pals make malls different?," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 21(2), pages 77-85.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:18:p:3495-:d:268672. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.