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Pathways from Food Consumption Score to Cardiovascular Disease: A Seven-Year Follow-Up Study of Indonesian Adults

Author

Listed:
  • Emyr Reisha Isaura

    (School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan)

  • Yang-Ching Chen

    (School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
    Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
    School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan)

  • Shwu-Huey Yang

    (School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
    Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
    Research Center of Geriatric Nutrition, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan)

Abstract

Background : Available prospective studies of food insecurity and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have included obesity and hypertension as the modifiable risk factors. Studies using the physical activity measures are lacking, and where to contribute to counterbalance the risk associated with food insecurity and CVD remains unclear. We aimed to use structural equation modelling (SEM) to explore the complex direct and indirect factor variables influencing cardiovascular disease (CVD) during a seven-year follow-up study. Methods : For 3955 adults who participated in the Indonesian Family Life Surveys in 2007 and 2014, we used SEM to examine the direct and indirect relationships of food consumption score, body shape index, physical activity volume, and blood pressures on CVD. Results : Based on the beta coefficients from a regression analysis, the significant direct effects ( p < 0.001) for CVD were food consumption score (FCS), a body shape index (ABSI), vigorous physical activity volume (VPAV), and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Indirect ( p = 0.004– p < 0.001) effects for CVD were FCS, ABSI, moderate physical activity volume (MPAV), and VPAV. Food-insecure people are more likely to consume high-calorie diets that lead to obesity, which, together with a lack of vigorous physical activity, leads to hypertension and CVD. Conclusions : Of the multiple factors influencing CVD, the modifiable risk factors were FCS, ABSI, and VPAV. Hence, the recommendations for CVD prevention should include targeting food insecurity, body shape index, and vigorous physical activity besides the measurement of blood pressure.

Suggested Citation

  • Emyr Reisha Isaura & Yang-Ching Chen & Shwu-Huey Yang, 2018. "Pathways from Food Consumption Score to Cardiovascular Disease: A Seven-Year Follow-Up Study of Indonesian Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-15, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:8:p:1567-:d:159729
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Emyr Reisha Isaura & Yang-Ching Chen & Shwu-Huey Yang, 2018. "The Association of Food Consumption Scores, Body Shape Index, and Hypertension in a Seven-Year Follow-Up among Indonesian Adults: A Longitudinal Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-12, January.
    2. Roemling, Cornelia & Qaim, Matin, 2012. "Obesity Trends, Determinants and Policy Implications in Indonesia," 2012 Conference, August 18-24, 2012, Foz do Iguacu, Brazil 126208, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
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    4. Rebecca C Richmond & George Davey Smith & Andy R Ness & Marcel den Hoed & George McMahon & Nicholas J Timpson, 2014. "Assessing Causality in the Association between Child Adiposity and Physical Activity Levels: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(3), pages 1-16, March.
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