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Vehicle to Grid Services: Potential and Applications

Author

Listed:
  • Mehrdad Ehsani

    (Electrical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA)

  • Milad Falahi

    (Consulting and analysis, Itron Inc., Davis, CA 95616, USA)

  • Saeed Lotfifard

    (Electrical Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA)

Abstract

Electric Vehicle (EV) technology is expected to take a major share in the light-vehicle market in the coming decades . Charging of EVs will put an extra burden on the distribution grid and in some cases adjustments will need to be made. On the other hand, EVs have the potential to support the grid under various conditions. This paper studies possible potential and applications of Vehicle to Grid (V2G) services, including active power services, which discharge the EV batteries, and power quality services, which do not engage the battery or require only small amounts of battery charge. The advantages and disadvantages of each service and the likelihood that a given service will be effective and beneficial for the grid in the future are discussed. Further, the infrastructure cost, duration, and value of V2G services are compared qualitatively.

Suggested Citation

  • Mehrdad Ehsani & Milad Falahi & Saeed Lotfifard, 2012. "Vehicle to Grid Services: Potential and Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 5(10), pages 1-15, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:5:y:2012:i:10:p:4076-4090:d:20812
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Gallo, A.B. & Simões-Moreira, J.R. & Costa, H.K.M. & Santos, M.M. & Moutinho dos Santos, E., 2016. "Energy storage in the energy transition context: A technology review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 800-822.
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    4. Saad Ullah Khan & Khawaja Khalid Mehmood & Zunaib Maqsood Haider & Muhammad Kashif Rafique & Chul-Hwan Kim, 2018. "A Bi-Level EV Aggregator Coordination Scheme for Load Variance Minimization with Renewable Energy Penetration Adaptability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-28, October.
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    12. Ying Fan & Weixia Zhu & Zhongbing Xue & Li Zhang & Zhixiang Zou, 2015. "A Multi-Function Conversion Technique for Vehicle-to-Grid Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(8), pages 1-16, July.
    13. Shojaabadi, Saeed & Abapour, Saeed & Abapour, Mehdi & Nahavandi, Ali, 2016. "Simultaneous planning of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle charging stations and wind power generation in distribution networks considering uncertainties," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 237-252.
    14. Gay, Destine & Rogers, Tom & Shirley, Rebekah, 2018. "Small island developing states and their suitability for electric vehicles and vehicle-to-grid services," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 69-78.
    15. Shaukat, N. & Khan, B. & Ali, S.M. & Mehmood, C.A. & Khan, J. & Farid, U. & Majid, M. & Anwar, S.M. & Jawad, M. & Ullah, Z., 2018. "A survey on electric vehicle transportation within smart grid system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P1), pages 1329-1349.
    16. Yalian Yang & Xiaosong Hu & Datong Qing & Fangyuan Chen, 2013. "Arrhenius Equation-Based Cell-Health Assessment: Application to Thermal Energy Management Design of a HEV NiMH Battery Pack," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(5), pages 1-17, May.
    17. Popović Vlado & Kilibarda Milorad & Andrejić Milan & Jereb Borut & Dragan Dejan & Keshavarzsaleh Abolfazl, 2018. "Electric Vehicles as Electricity Storages in Electric Power Systems," Logistics, Supply Chain, Sustainability and Global Challenges, Sciendo, vol. 9(2), pages 57-72, October.
    18. Yang Yang & Jinlong Cui & Xin Cui, 2020. "Design and Analysis of Magnetic Coils for Optimizing the Coupling Coefficient in an Electric Vehicle Wireless Power Transfer System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-15, August.
    19. Seyfettin Vadi & Ramazan Bayindir & Alperen Mustafa Colak & Eklas Hossain, 2019. "A Review on Communication Standards and Charging Topologies of V2G and V2H Operation Strategies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-27, September.
    20. Loris Di Natale & Luca Funk & Martin Rüdisüli & Bratislav Svetozarevic & Giacomo Pareschi & Philipp Heer & Giovanni Sansavini, 2021. "The Potential of Vehicle-to-Grid to Support the Energy Transition: A Case Study on Switzerland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-24, August.
    21. Hanemann, Philipp & Bruckner, Thomas, 2018. "Effects of electric vehicles on the spot market price," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 255-266.
    22. Bo Long & Shin Teak Lim & Ji Hyoung Ryu & Kil To Chong, 2013. "Energy-Regenerative Braking Control of Electric Vehicles Using Three-Phase Brushless Direct-Current Motors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(1), pages 1-16, December.
    23. Hongyu Li & Ping Ju & Chun Gan & Feng Wu & Yichen Zhou & Zhe Dong, 2018. "Stochastic Stability Analysis of the Power System with Losses," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-11, March.

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