Review of Bioenergy Potential from the Agriculture Sector in Iraq

Bioenergy is one of the most important renewable-energy sources worldwide, accounting for more than two-thirds of the renewable-energy mix. Biomass accounted for 13–14% of the primary energy consumption in 2018, and by 2050, it is expected to account for 50% of the global primary energy consumption. This article studies the biomass potential in Iraq. The potential of this country to be one of the leading producers of bioenergy is discussed, remarking on the importance of agricultural crop waste. Nowadays, Iraq generates a great quantity of biomass every year. Unfortunately, instead of contributing to the energy industry and economic progress, these wastes are burned directly, potentially causing a slew of environmental issues. Based on earlier studies, the theoretical energy potential of Iraq agricultural wastes is assessed. It is concluded that 10 million tons of dry agricultural leftovers can create 115 PJ of energy per year. According to the findings of this study, 10 million heads of cattle in Iraq could generate 72 million m 3 of biogas per day, with a total potential power of 946 TJ per year from animal wastes, mainly cattle dung. On the other hand, bioenergy potential is heavily reliant on the geographical distribution, availability, and accessibility of real waste. Wasit, Qadisiyah, and Mosul are the most feasible locations for this agricultural waste potential. This might lead to the development of a long-term economic plan for the successful and sustainable utilization of important accessible waste for bioenergy generation.