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Analysis of Requirements for Achieving Carbon Neutrality in a Cold Dense City Using GIS

Author

Listed:
  • Osawa Hisato

    (Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kitaku-Kita 13, Nishi 8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan)

  • Taro Mori

    (Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kitaku-Kita 13, Nishi 8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan)

  • Kouichi Shinagawa

    (Nihon Sekkei, Inc., 6-5-1, Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 163-1329, Japan)

  • Satoshi Nakayama

    (Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridaicho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi 700-0005, Japan)

  • Hayato Hosobuchi

    (Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology, 1247 Yachigusa, Yakusa Cho, Toyota 470-0392, Japan)

  • Emad Mushtaha

    (Department of Architectural Engineering, College of Enginerring, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates)

Abstract

Photovoltaics (PV) can make a significant contribution to achieving carbon neutrality in buildings. Geographic information systems (GIS) make it easy to model cities and simulate PV with high accuracy. However, the computational burden from 3D urban models remains high. In this study, the complex geometry of a city was represented in 2D images, and we propose a method for performing multiple PV simulations in a short amount of time by using these 2D images. The ratio of electricity generation to primary energy consumption ( E G / E ) was calculated for 415 office buildings in Sapporo, Japan, and conditions for achieving carbon neutrality in these buildings were explored. For buildings with a small gross floor area, E G / E can be higher than one, and carbon neutrality can be achieved by improving the performance of the exterior walls and windows and by increasing the area of the PV installed. However, to improve E G / E in buildings with a large gross floor area, it is necessary to consider improving the performance of the equipment used and the efficient operation of the HVAC system. The method is useful for considering ways to achieve carbon neutrality in various cities.

Suggested Citation

  • Osawa Hisato & Taro Mori & Kouichi Shinagawa & Satoshi Nakayama & Hayato Hosobuchi & Emad Mushtaha, 2022. "Analysis of Requirements for Achieving Carbon Neutrality in a Cold Dense City Using GIS," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-24, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:19:p:7063-:d:925380
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mussard, Maxime, 2017. "Solar energy under cold climatic conditions: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 733-745.
    2. Javanroodi, Kavan & Mahdavinejad, Mohammadjavad & Nik, Vahid M., 2018. "Impacts of urban morphology on reducing cooling load and increasing ventilation potential in hot-arid climate," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C), pages 714-746.
    3. Wang, Ran & Feng, Wei & Wang, Lan & Lu, Shilei, 2021. "A comprehensive evaluation of zero energy buildings in cold regions: Actual performance and key technologies of cases from China, the US, and the European Union," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(PA).
    4. Forde, Joe & Osmani, Mohammed & Morton, Craig, 2021. "An investigation into zero-carbon planning policy for new-build housing," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
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