IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v13y2020i20p5457-d431203.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Simulation of Mixing Intensity Profile for Bioethanol Production via Two-Step Fermentation in an Unbaffled Agitator Reactor

Author

Listed:
  • Snunkhaem Echaroj

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand)

  • Hwai Chyuan Ong

    (School of Information, Systems and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering & IT, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia)

  • Xiuhan Chen

    (Section Offshore & Dredging Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 Delft, The Netherlands)

Abstract

Bioethanol synthesis techniques have been studied intensively due to the energy crisis and various environmental concerns. A two-step bioethanol production process was carried out multiple times in an unbaffled agitator tank. The parameters varied, including the fermentation temperature, the pH level, the amount of yeast, and the impeller type. Then, a simulation was used to obtain an image of the agitation behavior inside the agitator tank to compare the velocity profile of each type of impeller design. The impeller with eight blades was found to produce the highest flow velocity: 0.28 m/s. The highest concentration of bioethanol generated from the fermentation was 34 g/L, which was produced by using an eight-blade impeller at 30 °C, a pH level of 5, an agitation speed of 70 rpm, and 2 wt % yeast. The two-blade impeller produced the lowest bioethanol concentration, 18 g/L, under the same conditions. Ethanol concentration was found to peak at 40 °C and a pH level of 5. The geometry of the impeller, the fermentation temperature, and the pH level were each found to have a significant effect on the resulting bioethanol concentration according to the results of an ANOVA test. The amount of yeast had no effect on the fermentation reaction. Finally, the results demonstrated the possibility of using computational fluid dynamic modeling to determine the impeller’s behavior for the development of the bioethanol fermentation process. The simulation and experimental results from this research support the scaling up of a bioethanol production facility.

Suggested Citation

  • Snunkhaem Echaroj & Hwai Chyuan Ong & Xiuhan Chen, 2020. "Simulation of Mixing Intensity Profile for Bioethanol Production via Two-Step Fermentation in an Unbaffled Agitator Reactor," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-11, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:20:p:5457-:d:431203
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/20/5457/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/20/5457/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Louhichi, Boulbaba & Belgaib, Jalel & benamor, Hedi & Hajji, Nejib, 2013. "Production of bio-ethanol from three varieties of dates," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 170-174.
    2. Zhao, Xuebing & Wen, Jialong & Chen, Hongmei & Liu, Dehua, 2018. "The fate of lignin during atmospheric acetic acid pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse and the impacts on cellulose enzymatic hydrolyzability for bioethanol production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 128(PA), pages 200-209.
    3. Chia, Shir Reen & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Chew, Kit Wayne & Show, Pau Loke & Phang, Siew-Moi & Ling, Tau Chuan & Nagarajan, Dillirani & Lee, Duu-Jong & Chang, Jo-Shu, 2018. "Sustainable approaches for algae utilisation in bioenergy production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 129(PB), pages 838-852.
    4. Sunan Nuanpeng & Sudarat Thanonkeo & Mamoru Yamada & Pornthap Thanonkeo, 2016. "Ethanol Production from Sweet Sorghum Juice at High Temperatures Using a Newly Isolated Thermotolerant Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae DBKKU Y-53," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-20, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Taghizadeh-Alisaraei, Ahmad & Motevali, Ali & Ghobadian, Barat, 2019. "Ethanol production from date wastes: Adapted technologies, challenges, and global potential," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 1094-1110.
    2. Yuan, Hao & Zhang, Xinru & Jiang, Zeyi & Wang, Xinyu & Wang, Yi & Cao, Limei & Zhang, Xinxin, 2020. "Effect of light spectra on microalgal biofilm: Cell growth, photosynthetic property, and main organic composition," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 83-89.
    3. Goh, Brandon Han Hoe & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Cheah, Mei Yee & Chen, Wei-Hsin & Yu, Kai Ling & Mahlia, Teuku Meurah Indra, 2019. "Sustainability of direct biodiesel synthesis from microalgae biomass: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 59-74.
    4. Nicole Meinusch & Susanne Kramer & Oliver Körner & Jürgen Wiese & Ingolf Seick & Anita Beblek & Regine Berges & Bernhard Illenberger & Marco Illenberger & Jennifer Uebbing & Maximilian Wolf & Gunter S, 2021. "Integrated Cycles for Urban Biomass as a Strategy to Promote a CO 2 -Neutral Society—A Feasibility Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-22, August.
    5. Carolin Nuortila & Riikka Help & Katriina Sirviö & Helena Suopanki & Sonja Heikkilä & Seppo Niemi, 2020. "Selected Fuel Properties of Alcohol and Rapeseed Oil Blends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-11, July.
    6. Teuku Meurah Indra Riayatsyah & Razali Thaib & Arridina Susan Silitonga & Jassinnee Milano & Abd. Halim Shamsuddin & Abdi Hanra Sebayang & Rahmawaty & Joko Sutrisno & Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia, 2021. "Biodiesel Production from Reutealis trisperma Oil Using Conventional and Ultrasonication through Esterification and Transesterification," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-15, March.
    7. Tsegaye, Bahiru & Balomajumder, Chandrajit & Roy, Partha, 2020. "Organosolv pretreatments of rice straw followed by microbial hydrolysis for efficient biofuel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 923-934.
    8. Mizik, Tamás, 2022. "A bioetanol-termelés gazdasági és fenntarthatósági vetületei [Economic and sustainability aspects of bioethanol production]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(10), pages 1213-1241.
    9. Hwai Chyuan Ong & M. Mofijur & A.S. Silitonga & D. Gumilang & Fitranto Kusumo & T.M.I. Mahlia, 2020. "Physicochemical Properties of Biodiesel Synthesised from Grape Seed, Philippine Tung, Kesambi, and Palm Oils," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-14, March.
    10. Li, Shuangxi & Hu, Tianyi & Xu, Yanzhe & Wang, Jingyi & Chu, Ruoyu & Yin, Zhihong & Mo, Fan & Zhu, Liandong, 2020. "A review on flocculation as an efficient method to harvest energy microalgae: Mechanisms, performances, influencing factors and perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    11. Changliang Nie & Liqun Jiang & Qingjie Hou & Zhigang Yang & Ze Yu & Haiyan Pei, 2020. "Heuristic Optimization of Culture Conditions for Stimulating Hyper-Accumulation of Biomass and Lipid in Golenkinia SDEC-16," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-15, February.
    12. Zhao, Xuebing & Liu, Dehua, 2019. "Multi-products co-production improves the economic feasibility of cellulosic ethanol: A case of Formiline pretreatment-based biorefining," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 229-244.
    13. Zabed, H. & Sahu, J.N. & Suely, A. & Boyce, A.N. & Faruq, G., 2017. "Bioethanol production from renewable sources: Current perspectives and technological progress," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 475-501.
    14. Khozeymeh Nezhad, Marziyeh & Aghaei, Hamidreza, 2021. "Tosylated cloisite as a new heterofunctional carrier for covalent immobilization of lipase and its utilization for production of biodiesel from waste frying oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 876-888.
    15. Preeti Pal & Kit Wayne Chew & Hong-Wei Yen & Jun Wei Lim & Man Kee Lam & Pau Loke Show, 2019. "Cultivation of Oily Microalgae for the Production of Third-Generation Biofuels," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-16, September.
    16. Rosli, Siti Suhailah & Amalina Kadir, Wan Nadiah & Wong, Chung Yiin & Han, Fon Yee & Lim, Jun Wei & Lam, Man Kee & Yusup, Suzana & Kiatkittipong, Worapon & Kiatkittipong, Kunlanan & Usman, Anwar, 2020. "Insight review of attached microalgae growth focusing on support material packed in photobioreactor for sustainable biodiesel production and wastewater bioremediation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    17. Chen, Shanshuai & Yan, Puxiang & Yu, Xiaona & Zhu, Wanbin & Wang, Hongliang, 2023. "Conversion of lignin to high yields of aromatics over Ru–ZnO/SBA-15 bifunctional catalysts," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(C).
    18. Ouyang, Denghao & Chen, Hongmei & Liu, Nan & Zhang, Jingzhi & Zhao, Xuebing, 2022. "Insight into the negative effects of lignin on enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose for biofuel production via selective oxidative delignification and inhibitive actions of phenolic model compounds," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 196-207.
    19. Morais, Ricardo R. & Pascoal, Aline M. & Pereira-Júnior, Marcos A. & Batista, Karla A. & Rodriguez, Armando G. & Fernandes, Kátia F., 2019. "Bioethanol production from Solanum lycocarpum starch: A sustainable non-food energy source for biofuels," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 361-366.
    20. Gan, Yong Yang & Chen, Wei-Hsin & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Sheen, Herng-Kuang & Chang, Jo-Shu & Hsieh, Tzu-Hsien & Ling, Tau Chuan, 2020. "Effects of dry and wet torrefaction pretreatment on microalgae pyrolysis analyzed by TG-FTIR and double-shot Py-GC/MS," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:20:p:5457-:d:431203. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.