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Why PV Modules Should Preferably No Longer Be Oriented to the South in the Near Future

Author

Listed:
  • Riyad Mubarak

    (Institute for Meteorology and Climatology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany)

  • Eduardo Weide Luiz

    (Institute for Meteorology and Climatology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany)

  • Gunther Seckmeyer

    (Institute for Meteorology and Climatology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany)

Abstract

PV modules tilted and oriented toward east and west directions gain gradually more importance as an alternative to the presently-preferred south (north in the Southern Hemisphere) orientation and it is shown to become economically superior even under the reimbursement of feed-in tariff (FIT). This is a consequence of the increasing spread between the decreasing costs of self-consumed solar power and the costs for power from the grid. One-minute values of irradiance were measured by silicon sensors at different orientations and tilt angles in Hannover (Germany) over three years. We show that south-oriented collectors give the highest electrical power during the day, whereas combinations of east and west orientations (E-W) result in the highest self-consumption rate (SC), and combinations of southeast and southwest (SE-SW) orientations result in the highest degree of autarky (AD), although they reduce the yearly PV Power by 5–6%. Moreover, the economic analysis of PV systems without FIT shows that the SE-SW and E-W combinations have the lowest electricity cost and they are more beneficial in terms of internal rate of return (IRR), compared to the S orientation at the same tilt. For PV systems with FIT, the S orientation presently provides the highest transfer of money from the supplier. However, as a consequence of the continuing decline of FIT, the economic advantage of S orientation is decreasing. E-W and SE-SW orientations are more beneficial for the owner as soon as FIT decreases to 7 Ct/kWh. East and west orientations of PV modules do not only have benefits for the individual owner but avoid high costs for storing energy—regardless who would own the storage facilities—and by avoiding high noon peaks of solar energy production during sunny periods, which would become an increasing problem for the grid if more solar power is installed. Furthermore, two types of commonly used PV software (PVSOL and PVsyst) were used to simulate the system performance. The comparison with measurements showed that both PV software underestimate SC and AD for all studied orientations, leading to the conclusion that improvements are necessary in modelling.

Suggested Citation

  • Riyad Mubarak & Eduardo Weide Luiz & Gunther Seckmeyer, 2019. "Why PV Modules Should Preferably No Longer Be Oriented to the South in the Near Future," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-16, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:23:p:4528-:d:291732
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    6. Hakim Azaioud & Jan Desmet & Lieven Vandevelde, 2020. "Benefit Evaluation of PV Orientation for Individual Residential Consumers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-24, October.
    7. Franz Harke & Philipp Otto, 2023. "Solar Self-Sufficient Households as a Driving Factor for Sustainability Transformation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-20, February.
    8. D. P. N. Nguyen & Johan Lauwaert, 2020. "Calculating the Energy Yield of Si-Based Solar Cells for Belgium and Vietnam Regions at Arbitrary Tilt and Orientation under Actual Weather Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-17, June.
    9. Riyad Mubarak & Holger Schilke & Gunther Seckmeyer, 2021. "Improving the Irradiance Data Measured by Silicon-Based Sensors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-19, May.
    10. Sofiane Kichou & Nikolaos Skandalos & Petr Wolf, 2020. "Evaluation of Photovoltaic and Battery Storage Effects on the Load Matching Indicators Based on Real Monitored Data," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-20, May.
    11. Ewelina Krawczak, 2023. "A Comparative Analysis of Measured and Simulated Data of PV Rooftop Installations Located in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-17, August.

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