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Safflower Biodiesel: Improvement of its Oxidative Stability by Using BHA and TBHQ

Author

Listed:
  • Sergio Nogales-Delgado

    (Department of Chemical Engineering and Physical Chemistry, University of Extremadura, Avda. De Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain)

  • José María Encinar

    (Department of Chemical Engineering and Physical Chemistry, University of Extremadura, Avda. De Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain)

  • Juan Félix González

    (Department of Applied Physics, University of Extremadura, Avda. De Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain)

Abstract

Biodiesel is gaining more and more importance due to environmental issues. This way, alternative and sustainable crops as new biofuel sources are demanded. Safflower could be a sustainable raw material for biodiesel production, showing one disadvantage (as many biodiesels from vegetable oils), that is, a short oxidative stability. Consequently, the use of antioxidants to increase this parameter is mandatory. The aim of this research work was to assess the effect of two antioxidants (butylated hydroxyanisole, BHA, and tert-butylhydroquinone, TBHQ) on the oxidative stability of safflower biodiesel, which was characterized paying attention to its fatty acid methyl ester profile. For oxidative stability, the Rancimat method was used, whereas for fatty acid profile gas chromatography was selected. For the remaining parameters, the methods were followed according to the UNE-EN 14214 standard. The overall conclusion was that safflower biodiesel could comply with the standard, thanks to the use of antioxidants, with TBHQ being more effective than BHA. On the other hand, the combined use of these antioxidants did not show, especially at low concentrations, a synergic or additive effect, which makes the mixture of these antioxidants unsuitable to improve the oxidative stability.

Suggested Citation

  • Sergio Nogales-Delgado & José María Encinar & Juan Félix González, 2019. "Safflower Biodiesel: Improvement of its Oxidative Stability by Using BHA and TBHQ," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-13, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:10:p:1940-:d:232900
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. José María Encinar & Sergio Nogales & Juan Félix González, 2020. "The effect of BHA on oxidative stability of biodiesel from different sources," Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 10(6), pages 1193-1201, December.
    3. Jemima Romola, C.V. & Meganaharshini, M. & Rigby, S.P. & Ganesh Moorthy, I. & Shyam Kumar, R. & Karthikumar, Sankar, 2021. "A comprehensive review of the selection of natural and synthetic antioxidants to enhance the oxidative stability of biodiesel," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    4. Sergio Nogales-Delgado & Agustina Guiberteau Cabanillas & Juan Pedro Moro & José María Encinar Martín, 2023. "Use of Propyl Gallate in Cardoon Biodiesel to Keep Its Main Properties during Oxidation," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 5(2), pages 1-15, May.
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    6. Sergio Nogales-Delgado & Nuria Sánchez & José María Encinar, 2020. "Valorization of Cynara Cardunculus L. Oil as the Basis of a Biorefinery for Biodiesel and Biolubricant Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-19, September.
    7. Sáez-Bastante, J. & Carmona-Cabello, M. & Pinzi, S. & Dorado, M.P., 2020. "Recycling of kebab restoration grease for bioenergy production through acoustic cavitation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 1147-1155.

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