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Factors Influencing the Thermal Efficiency of Horizontal Ground Heat Exchangers

Author

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  • Eloisa Di Sipio

    (Department of Geology, GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany)

  • David Bertermann

    (Department of Geology, GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany)

Abstract

The performance of very shallow geothermal systems (VSGs), interesting the first 2 m of depth from ground level, is strongly correlated to the kind of sediment locally available. These systems are attractive due to their low installation costs, less legal constraints, easy maintenance and possibility for technical improvements. The Improving Thermal Efficiency of horizontal ground heat exchangers Project (ITER) aims to understand how to enhance the heat transfer of the sediments surrounding the pipes and to depict the VSGs behavior in extreme thermal situations. In this regard, five helices were installed horizontally surrounded by five different backfilling materials under the same climatic conditions and tested under different operation modes. The field test monitoring concerned: (a) monthly measurement of thermal conductivity and moisture content on surface; (b) continuous recording of air and ground temperature (inside and outside each helix); (c) continuous climatological and ground volumetric water content (VWC) data acquisition. The interactions between soils, VSGs, environment and climate are presented here, focusing on the differences and similarities between the behavior of the helix and surrounding material, especially when the heat pump is running in heating mode for a very long time, forcing the ground temperature to drop below 0 °C.

Suggested Citation

  • Eloisa Di Sipio & David Bertermann, 2017. "Factors Influencing the Thermal Efficiency of Horizontal Ground Heat Exchangers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-21, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:10:y:2017:i:11:p:1897-:d:119421
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Agrawal, Kamal Kumar & Misra, Rohit & Agrawal, Ghanshyam Das, 2020. "Improving the thermal performance of ground air heat exchanger system using sand-bentonite (in dry and wet condition) as backfilling material," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 2008-2023.
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    5. Carlos Lorente Rubio & Jorge Luis García-Alcaraz & Juan Carlos Sáenz-Diez Muro & Eduardo Martínez-Cámara & Agostino Bruzzone & Julio Blanco-Fernández, 2022. "Environmental Impact Comparison of Geothermal Alternatives for Conventional Boiler Replacement," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-15, November.
    6. Kwonye Kim & Jaemin Kim & Yujin Nam & Euyjoon Lee & Eunchul Kang & Evgueniy Entchev, 2021. "Analysis of Heat Exchange Rate for Low-Depth Modular Ground Heat Exchanger through Real-Scale Experiment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-13, March.
    7. Krzysztof Neupauer & Sebastian Pater & Krzysztof Kupiec, 2018. "Study of Ground Heat Exchangers in the Form of Parallel Horizontal Pipes Embedded in the Ground," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-16, February.
    8. Cuny, Mathias & Lapertot, Arnaud & Lin, Jian & Kadoch, Benjamin & Le Metayer, Olivier, 2020. "Multi-criteria optimization of an earth-air heat exchanger for different French climates," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 342-352.
    9. Hans Schwarz & Nikola Jocic & David Bertermann, 2022. "Development of a Calculation Concept for Mapping Specific Heat Extraction for Very Shallow Geothermal Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-18, April.

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