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Socioeconomics of crime and discretionary punishment: the case of Ghana

Author

Listed:
  • Wisdom Akpalu
  • Anatu Mohammed

Abstract

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to empirically verify whether “unfettered” judicial discretion in developing countries breeds corruption or not as judges could favour elites who have access to more money to steal or punish the poor who are petty‐thieves rather harshly. Design/methodology/approach - The paper employs Suits index and regression analysis to investigate the relationship between the amount stolen and jail time. The index which is based on Lorenz curve is used to verify whether punishment for theft cases prosecuted in Ghana is anti‐petty theft, neutral, or anti‐serious theft. The regression analysis is used to explore the determinants of punishment per unit of the crime (i.e. amount stolen). Findings - The results strongly support the claim that disproportionate penalty is assigned to petty thefts committed mostly by the poor and non‐elites. Moreover, the regression line which is almost a perfect fit indicates penalty per unit of the amount stolen decreases by 0.8 percent if the total amount stolen increases by 1 percent. Research limitations/implications - Due to poor records on criminals, there was very limited information on recidivism, hence this was not considered in the analysis. Second, there are much more theft convictions each year in Ghana than the sample represents. However, since the convicted cases used are random, the results are reliable enough. Social implications - Granting enormous discretionary powers to judges in developing countries may not guarantee retributive justice. Indeed the judiciary is likely to grant favours to elites who steal more and punish the poor who normally engage in petty theft disproportionately. Consequently, high discretionary powers to judges could potentially result in high blue and white collar crimes. Originality/value - The paper makes a novel attempt at employing Suits index and regression analysis to verify the feasibility of retributive justice in the presence of unlimited discretionary powers.

Suggested Citation

  • Wisdom Akpalu & Anatu Mohammed, 2013. "Socioeconomics of crime and discretionary punishment: the case of Ghana," International Journal of Social Economics, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 40(2), pages 116-126, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:eme:ijsepp:v:40:y:2013:i:2:p:116-126
    DOI: 10.1108/03068291311283599
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Suits, Daniel B, 1977. "Measurement of Tax Progressivity," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 67(4), pages 747-752, September.
    2. Polinsky, Mitchell & Shavell, Steven, 1979. "The Optimal Tradeoff between the Probability and Magnitude of Fines," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 69(5), pages 880-891, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Wasantha Subasinghe, 2016. "Sociological analysis on prisoners; with special reference to prisoners of death penalty and life imprisonment in Sri Lanka," Journal of Advances in Humanities and Social Sciences, Dr. Yi-Hsing Hsieh, vol. 2(1), pages 24-35.
    2. Silva, Monalisa R.O. & Lopes, Priscila F.M., 2015. "Each fisherman is different: Taking the environmental perception of small-scale fishermen into account to manage marine protected areas," Marine Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 347-355.

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