IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/transe/v129y2019icp136-161.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Strict quotas or tariffs? Implications for product quality and consumer welfare in differentiated product supply chains

Author

Listed:
  • Nagurney, Anna
  • Besik, Deniz
  • Li, Dong

Abstract

We introduce a supply chain network equilibrium model with differentiated products, in which firms compete on product quantities and quality. We then extend the model to include a strict quota or tariff. We establish the equivalence between the model with a strict quota and that with a tariff, when the quota constraint is tight, and the tariff corresponds to the equilibrium Lagrange multiplier associated with the constraint for the former model. Numerical examples reveal that although firms may benefit from the imposition of a quota or tariff, the welfare of consumers in the country imposing the instrument declines.

Suggested Citation

  • Nagurney, Anna & Besik, Deniz & Li, Dong, 2019. "Strict quotas or tariffs? Implications for product quality and consumer welfare in differentiated product supply chains," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 136-161.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:transe:v:129:y:2019:i:c:p:136-161
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2019.07.008
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1366554519302741
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.tre.2019.07.008?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Anna Nagurney, 2018. "A Multitiered Supply Chain Network Equilibrium Model for Disaster Relief with Capacitated Freight Service Provision," Springer Optimization and Its Applications, in: Ilias S. Kotsireas & Anna Nagurney & Panos M. Pardalos (ed.), Dynamics of Disasters, pages 85-108, Springer.
    2. Zhou, Yujun & Baylis, Kathy & Coppess, Jonathan & Xie, Qianting, 2018. "Evaluating Potential Long-Run Impacts of Chinese Tariff on US Soybeans," farmdoc daily, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, vol. 8, September.
    3. Das, Satya P. & Donnenfeld, Shabtai, 1989. "Oligopolistic competition and international trade : Quantity and quality restrictions," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 27(3-4), pages 299-318, November.
    4. Stefan Lutz, 2005. "The Effect of Quotas on Domestic Product Price and Quality," International Advances in Economic Research, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 11(2), pages 163-173, May.
    5. Rosario Crinò & Laura Ogliari, 2015. "Financial Frictions, Product Quality, and International Trade," DISCE - Working Papers del Dipartimento di Economia e Finanza def030, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Dipartimenti e Istituti di Scienze Economiche (DISCE).
    6. Robert C. Feenstra, 1988. "Quality Change Under Trade Restraints in Japanese Autos," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 103(1), pages 131-146.
    7. Li, Dong & Nagurney, Anna & Yu, Min, 2018. "Consumer learning of product quality with time delay: Insights from spatial price equilibrium models with differentiated products," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 150-168.
    8. Crinò, Rosario & Ogliari, Laura, 2015. "Financial Frictions, Product Quality, and International Trade," CEPR Discussion Papers 10555, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    9. Leland, Hayne E, 1979. "Quacks, Lemons, and Licensing: A Theory of Minimum Quality Standards," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 87(6), pages 1328-1346, December.
    10. Peter K. Schott, 2004. "Across-Product Versus Within-Product Specialization in International Trade," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 119(2), pages 647-678.
    11. Wildman, Steven S, 1984. "A Note on Measuring Surplus Attributable to Differentiated Products," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(1), pages 123-132, September.
    12. Hallak, Juan Carlos, 2006. "Product quality and the direction of trade," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(1), pages 238-265, January.
    13. Herguera, Inigo & Kujal, Praveen & Petrakis, Emmanuel, 2000. "Quantity restrictions and endogenous quality choice," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 18(8), pages 1259-1277, December.
    14. Fung, K C, 1989. "Tariffs, Quotas, and International Oligopoly," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 41(4), pages 749-757, October.
    15. Anna Nagurney & Min Yu & Deniz Besik, 2017. "Supply chain network capacity competition with outsourcing: a variational equilibrium framework," Journal of Global Optimization, Springer, vol. 69(1), pages 231-254, September.
    16. Aw, Bee Yan & Roberts, Mark J., 1986. "Measuring quality change in quota-constrained import markets: The Case of U.S. Footwear," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 21(1-2), pages 45-60, August.
    17. Nagurney, Anna, 1996. "Parallel computation," Handbook of Computational Economics, in: H. M. Amman & D. A. Kendrick & J. Rust (ed.), Handbook of Computational Economics, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 7, pages 335-404, Elsevier.
    18. Anna Nagurney & Dong Li, 2014. "Equilibria and dynamics of supply chain network competition with information asymmetry in quality and minimum quality standards," Computational Management Science, Springer, vol. 11(3), pages 285-315, July.
    19. Anna Nagurney & Tilman Wolf, 2014. "A Cournot–Nash–Bertrand game theory model of a service-oriented Internet with price and quality competition among network transport providers," Computational Management Science, Springer, vol. 11(4), pages 475-502, October.
    20. Lauren Xiaoyuan Lu & Jan A. Van Mieghem, 2009. "Multimarket Facility Network Design with Offshoring Applications," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 11(1), pages 90-108, October.
    21. Sheshinski, Eytan, 1976. "Price, Quality and Quantity Regulation in Monopoly Situations," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 43(17), pages 127-137, May.
    22. Robert C. Feenstra & John Romalis, 2014. "International Prices and Endogenous Quality," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 129(2), pages 477-527.
    23. Veldman, Jasper & Gaalman, Gerard, 2014. "A model of strategic product quality and process improvement incentives," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 202-210.
    24. Francisco Facchinei & Christian Kanzow, 2010. "Generalized Nash Equilibrium Problems," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 175(1), pages 177-211, March.
    25. Nagurney, Anna & Besik, Deniz & Dong, June, 2019. "Tariffs and quotas in world trade: A unified variational inequality framework," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 275(1), pages 347-360.
    26. Gossler, Timo & Wakolbinger, Tina & Nagurney, Anna & Daniele, Patrizia, 2019. "How to increase the impact of disaster relief: A study of transportation rates, framework agreements and product distribution," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 274(1), pages 126-141.
    27. Yu, Min & Nagurney, Anna, 2013. "Competitive food supply chain networks with application to fresh produce," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 224(2), pages 273-282.
    28. Carl Shapiro, 1983. "Premiums for High Quality Products as Returns to Reputations," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 98(4), pages 659-679.
    29. Song, Baohui & Marchant, Mary A. & Xu, Shuang, 2004. "Who Dominates The U.S. Soybean Industry: Producers, Consumers, Or Agribusineses?," 2004 Annual meeting, August 1-4, Denver, CO 20117, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    30. A. Michael Spence, 1975. "Monopoly, Quality, and Regulation," Bell Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 6(2), pages 417-429, Autumn.
    31. Meixell, Mary J. & Gargeya, Vidyaranya B., 2005. "Global supply chain design: A literature review and critique," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 41(6), pages 531-550, November.
    32. Anna Nagurney, 2006. "Supply Chain Network Economics," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 4242.
    33. Nagurney, Anna & Flores, Emilio Alvarez & Soylu, Ceren, 2016. "A Generalized Nash Equilibrium network model for post-disaster humanitarian relief," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 1-18.
    34. Falvey, Rodney E, 1979. "The Composition of Trade within Import-restricted Product Categories," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 87(5), pages 1105-1114, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Zhu, Guowei & Zhang, Jianxiong & Xing, Enfeng & Han, Danke, 2022. "Pricing and quality decisions with conspicuous consumers," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    2. Anna Nagurney & Dana Hassani & Oleg Nivievskyi & Pavlo Martyshev, 2023. "Exchange rates and multicommodity international trade: insights from spatial price equilibrium modeling with policy instruments via variational inequalities," Journal of Global Optimization, Springer, vol. 87(1), pages 1-30, September.
    3. Cao, Yifan & Shen, Bin, 2022. "Adopting blockchain technology to block less sustainable products’ entry in global trade," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    4. Feng, Pingping & Zhou, Xiaoyang & Zhang, Ding & Chen, Zhaobo & Wang, Shouyang, 2022. "The impact of trade policy on global supply chain network equilibrium: A new perspective of product-market chain competition," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    5. Yang, Huixiao & Ou, Jinwen & Chen, Xiaofeng, 2021. "Impact of tariffs and production cost on a multinational firm's incentive for backshoring under competition," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 105(C).
    6. Hu, Xiaowei & Li, Peng, 2022. "Relief and stimulus in a cross-sector multi-product scarce resource supply chain network," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    7. Niu, Baozhuang & Dong, Jian & Liu, Yaoqi, 2021. "Incentive alignment for blockchain adoption in medicine supply chains," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Stefan Lutz, 2005. "The Effect of Quotas on Domestic Product Price and Quality," International Advances in Economic Research, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 11(2), pages 163-173, May.
    2. Carter, Colin A. & Chalfant, James A. & Yavapolkul, Navin & Carroll, Christine L., 2016. "International commodity trade, transport costs, and product differentiation," Journal of Commodity Markets, Elsevier, vol. 1(1), pages 65-76.
    3. Anna Nagurney & Dong Li, 2014. "Equilibria and dynamics of supply chain network competition with information asymmetry in quality and minimum quality standards," Computational Management Science, Springer, vol. 11(3), pages 285-315, July.
    4. Nagurney, Anna, 2021. "Supply chain game theory network modeling under labor constraints: Applications to the Covid-19 pandemic," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 293(3), pages 880-891.
    5. Lutz, Stefan H., 2002. "The Effects of Quotas on Vertical Intra-Industry Trade," ZEW Discussion Papers 02-61, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    6. Adina Ardelean & Volodymyr Lugovskyy, 2015. "Technology, Trade, and Quality Slopes," CAEPR Working Papers 2015-004, Center for Applied Economics and Policy Research, Department of Economics, Indiana University Bloomington.
    7. Anna Nagurney & Mojtaba Salarpour & June Dong & Ladimer S. Nagurney, 2020. "A Stochastic Disaster Relief Game Theory Network Model," SN Operations Research Forum, Springer, vol. 1(2), pages 1-33, June.
    8. repec:kap:iaecre:v:11:y:2005:i:2:p:163-173 is not listed on IDEAS
    9. Anna Nagurney & Deniz Besik & Ladimer S. Nagurney, 2019. "Global supply chain networks and tariff rate quotas: equilibrium analysis with application to agricultural products," Journal of Global Optimization, Springer, vol. 75(2), pages 439-460, October.
    10. Ciani, Andrea & Bartoli, Francesca, 2015. "Export quality upgrading under credit constraints," DICE Discussion Papers 191, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE).
    11. Nagurney, Anna & Li, Dong & Nagurney, Ladimer S., 2014. "Spatial price equilibrium with information asymmetry in quality and minimum quality standards," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 300-313.
    12. Bastos, Paulo & Silva, Joana, 2010. "The quality of a firm's exports: Where you export to matters," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 82(2), pages 99-111, November.
    13. José Luis Moraga Gonzales & Jean-Marie Viaene, 2001. "Procompetitive Trade Policies," CESifo Working Paper Series 597, CESifo.
    14. Nagurney, Anna & Saberi, Sara & Shukla, Shivani & Floden, Jonas, 2015. "Supply chain network competition in price and quality with multiple manufacturers and freight service providers," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 248-267.
    15. Anne‐Célia Disdier & Carl Gaigné & Cristina Herghelegiu, 2023. "Do standards improve the quality of traded products?," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 56(4), pages 1238-1290, November.
    16. Amit Khandelwal, 2010. "The Long and Short (of) Quality Ladders," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 77(4), pages 1450-1476.
    17. Freitag, Andreas & Lein, Sarah M., 2023. "Endogenous product adjustment and exchange rate pass-through," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    18. Liao, Chi-Hung, 2011. "Measuring quality in international trade," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 125-138, March.
    19. Amit K. Khandelwal & Peter K. Schott & Shang-Jin Wei, 2013. "Trade Liberalization and Embedded Institutional Reform: Evidence from Chinese Exporters," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 103(6), pages 2169-2195, October.
    20. Feenstra, Robert C., 1995. "Estimating the effects of trade policy," Handbook of International Economics, in: G. M. Grossman & K. Rogoff (ed.), Handbook of International Economics, edition 1, volume 3, chapter 30, pages 1553-1595, Elsevier.
    21. Anna Nagurney & Pritha Dutta, 2019. "Supply chain network competition among blood service organizations: a Generalized Nash Equilibrium framework," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 275(2), pages 551-586, April.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:transe:v:129:y:2019:i:c:p:136-161. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/600244/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.