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A multi-level model of condom use among male and female upper primary school students in Nyanza, Kenya

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  • Maticka-Tyndale, Eleanor
  • Tenkorang, Eric Y.

Abstract

Although several studies have emphasized the relevance of community level variables to AIDS prevention among young people in sub-Saharan Africa, few have tested the empirical connections between such variables and sexual behaviors. Using data from 3645 sexually experienced grade 6 and 7 students from 160 schools, modeled on (Fisher and Fisher, 2000) and (Fisher and Fisher, 1993) and Campbell's identification of community influences (2003), this study applies hierarchical linear models to estimate the effects of individual and community level variables on condom use among youth in Nyanza Province, Kenya. Four separate models were fit for both males and females. Results show significant differences across schools and communities regarding condom use. The predictors of reported condom use at last intercourse for both males and females were ethnicity, pressure to engage in sexual intercourse, and condom self efficacy. While age, religion, rejecting myths about the spread of HIV, and talking to male relatives about HIV/AIDS were all positively related to condom use for males, risk perception, socio-economic status of the school and school sponsorship by a religious group were negatively related to the outcome variable. For females, abstinence self efficacy and HIV prevention programming in community festivals were additional significant predictors, both increasing the odds of condom use. Our results suggest that there are marked differences in factors influencing reported condom use among males and females in Nyanza, Kenya. While some of these factors exist at the individual level, others exist at the school/community level. Based on our findings, we recommend that AIDS prevention interventions take account not only of individual-level factors, but also school/community influences on the sexual behaviors of youth.

Suggested Citation

  • Maticka-Tyndale, Eleanor & Tenkorang, Eric Y., 2010. "A multi-level model of condom use among male and female upper primary school students in Nyanza, Kenya," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 71(3), pages 616-625, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:71:y:2010:i:3:p:616-625
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Barbara Mensch & Paul Hewett & Annabel Erulkar, 2003. "The reporting of sensitive behavior by adolescents: A methodological experiment in Kenya," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 40(2), pages 247-268, May.
    2. Beeker, Carolyn & Guenther-Grey, Carolyn & Raj, Anita, 1998. "Community empowerment paradigm drift and the primary prevention of HIV/AIDS," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 46(7), pages 831-842, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Marlène Guillon & Josselin Thuilliez, 2015. "HIV and Rational risky behaviors: a systematic review of published empirical literature (1990-2013)," Post-Print halshs-01222571, HAL.
    2. Tenkorang, Eric Y. & Maticka-Tyndale, Eleanor, 2014. "Assessing young people's perceptions of HIV risks in Nyanza, Kenya: Are school and community level factors relevant?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 93-101.
    3. repec:hal:wpaper:halshs-01222571 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Winskell, Kate & Obyerodhyambo, Oby & Stephenson, Rob, 2011. "Making sense of condoms: Social representations in young people's HIV-related narratives from six African countries," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 72(6), pages 953-961, March.
    5. Siegler, Aaron J. & Mbwambo, Jessie K. & McCarty, Frances A. & DiClemente, Ralph J., 2012. "Condoms “contain worms” and “cause HIV” in Tanzania: Negative Condom Beliefs Scale development and implications for HIV prevention," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 75(9), pages 1685-1691.

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