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Downside risk in Dow Jones Islamic equity indices: Precious metals and portfolio diversification before and after the COVID-19 bear market

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  • Ali, Fahad
  • Jiang, Yuexiang
  • Sensoy, Ahmet

Abstract

Besides great turmoil in financial markets, the COVID-19 pandemic also disrupted the global supply chain, putting the precious metal market into great uncertainty. In this study, we revisit the diversifying role of precious metals – gold, silver, and platinum – for six Dow Jones Islamic (DJI) equity index portfolios using a battery of tests: dynamic conditional correlations (DCCs), four-moment modified value at risk (VaR) and conditional VaR, and global minimum-variance (GMV) portfolio approach. Our empirical results exhibit drastically increased DCCs between sample assets during the COVID period; however, pairing gold with any of the DJI equity indices (except for the Asia-Pacific region) decreases the downside risk of these portfolios. Other precious metals (silver and platinum) do not provide such benefits. Furthermore, we find that a higher allocation of wealth in DJI Japanese equities and gold is required to achieve a GMV portfolio in the post-COVID-19 era, implying higher transaction (hedging) costs to rebalance portfolios (weights) accordingly. Our out-of-sample tests examining the global financial crisis, European debt crisis, and extended sample (2000–2020) periods yield similar findings as gold glitters across all market conditions. Overall, our findings provide notable practical implications for both domestic and international investors.

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  • Ali, Fahad & Jiang, Yuexiang & Sensoy, Ahmet, 2021. "Downside risk in Dow Jones Islamic equity indices: Precious metals and portfolio diversification before and after the COVID-19 bear market," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:riibaf:v:58:y:2021:i:c:s0275531921001239
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ribaf.2021.101502
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    Cited by:

    1. Sarika Murty & Vijay Victor & Maria Fekete-Farkas, 2022. "Is Bitcoin a Safe Haven for Indian Investors? A GARCH Volatility Analysis," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-13, July.
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    5. Ren, Xiaohang & Li, Yiying & Qi, Yinshu & Duan, Kun, 2022. "Asymmetric effects of decomposed oil-price shocks on the EU carbon market dynamics," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PB).
    6. Kuang, Wei, 2023. "The equity-oil hedge: A comparison between volatility and alternative risk frameworks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    7. Zolfaghari, Mehdi, 2023. "How does US tariff policy affect the relationship among crude oil, the US dollar and metal markets?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PB).
    8. Cheng, Sheng & Zhang, Zongyou & Cao, Yan, 2022. "Can precious metals hedge geopolitical risk? Fresh sight using wavelet coherence analysis," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    9. Khan, Khalid & Su, Chi-Wei & Khurshid, Adnan & Umar, Muhammad, 2022. "COVID-19 impact on multifractality of energy prices: Asymmetric multifractality analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(C).
    10. Apostolos Ampountolas, 2023. "The Effect of COVID-19 on Cryptocurrencies and the Stock Market Volatility -- A Two-Stage DCC-EGARCH Model Analysis," Papers 2307.09137, arXiv.org.
    11. Salim Hamza Ringim & Abdulkareem Alhassan & Hasan Güngör & Festus Victor Bekun, 2022. "Economic Policy Uncertainty and Energy Prices: Empirical Evidence from Multivariate DCC-GARCH Models," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-18, May.
    12. Kuang, Wei, 2022. "The economic value of high-frequency data in equity-oil hedge," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PA).
    13. Ali, Fahad & Sensoy, Ahmet & Goodell, John W., 2023. "Identifying diversifiers, hedges, and safe havens among Asia Pacific equity markets during COVID-19: New results for ongoing portfolio allocation," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 744-792.
    14. Shi, Tao & Li, Chongyang & Zhang, Wei & Zhang, Yi, 2023. "Forecasting on metal resource spot settlement price: New evidence from the machine learning model," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    15. Yousaf, Imran & Yarovaya, Larisa, 2022. "Spillovers between the Islamic gold-backed cryptocurrencies and equity markets during the COVID-19: A sectorial analysis," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    16. Nguyen Thi Thanh Binh, 2023. "How to Hedge against Inflation Risk in Vietnam," Economies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-12, March.
    17. Ali, Fahad & Bouri, Elie & Naifar, Nader & Shahzad, Syed Jawad Hussain & AlAhmad, Mohammad, 2022. "An examination of whether gold-backed Islamic cryptocurrencies are safe havens for international Islamic equity markets," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
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    19. Moinak Maiti & Parthajit Kayal, 2022. "Asymmetric Information Flow between Exchange Rate, Oil, and Gold: New Evidence from Transfer Entropy Approach," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-14, December.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    COVID-19; Islamic equities; Precious metals; Diversification; Financial crisis;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets
    • G20 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - General
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages

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