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Reliability and performance of direct-expansion ground-coupled heat pump systems: Issues and possible solutions

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  • Ndiaye, Demba

Abstract

The literature on Direct-expansion ground-coupled heat pumps (DX-GCHP) is reviewed. Despite being potentially the most efficient vapor compression-based air conditioning system, DX-GCHPs are not very popular due to the numerous operational and design issues they are faced with: shortage of field studies, oil return to the compressor, expansion valve hunting, refrigerant flow mal-distribution in parallel loops, high pressure drops and gains in the ground heat exchanger, variable speed operation of the compressor, lack of reliable numerical models of the ground heat exchanger and of the whole system, and lack of generalized design guidelines. This paper addresses these issues and discusses possible solutions to them.

Suggested Citation

  • Ndiaye, Demba, 2016. "Reliability and performance of direct-expansion ground-coupled heat pump systems: Issues and possible solutions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 802-814.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:66:y:2016:i:c:p:802-814
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.08.049
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hakkaki-Fard, Ali & Eslami-Nejad, Parham & Aidoun, Zine & Ouzzane, Mohamed, 2015. "A techno-economic comparison of a direct expansion ground-source and an air-source heat pump system in Canadian cold climates," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 49-59.
    2. Goulburn, J.R. & Fearon, J., 1983. "Domestic heat pump with deep hole ground source evaporator," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 14(2), pages 99-113.
    3. Eslami-Nejad, Parham & Ouzzane, Mohamed & Aidoun, Zine, 2014. "Modeling of a two-phase CO2-filled vertical borehole for geothermal heat pump applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 611-620.
    4. Goulburn, J.R. & Fearon, J., 1978. "Deep ground coil evaporators for heat pumps," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 4(4), pages 293-313, October.
    5. Yang, Wei, 2013. "Experimental performance analysis of a direct-expansion ground source heat pump in Xiangtan, China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 334-339.
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    1. Nguyen, A. & Elsami-Nejad, P., 2019. "A transient coupled model of a variable speed transcritical CO2 direct expansion ground source heat pump for space heating and cooling," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 1012-1021.
    2. Jacek Kropiwnicki & Mariusz Furmanek & Andrzej Rogala, 2021. "Modular Approach for Modelling Warming up Process in Water Installations with Flow-Regulating Elements," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-17, July.
    3. Gao, Jiajia & Li, Anbang & Xu, Xinhua & Gang, Wenjie & Yan, Tian, 2018. "Ground heat exchangers: Applications, technology integration and potentials for zero energy buildings," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 128(PA), pages 337-349.
    4. Luka Boban & Dino Miše & Stjepan Herceg & Vladimir Soldo, 2021. "Application and Design Aspects of Ground Heat Exchangers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-31, April.

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