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Renewable and sustainable bioenergy production from microalgal co-cultivation with palm oil mill effluent (POME): A review

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  • Ahmad, Ashfaq
  • Buang, Azizul
  • Bhat, A.H.

Abstract

Sustainable and cost effective ways to produce renewable energy from biomass have generated considerable interest. Palm oil industries generates huge amount of waste. From one tonne of processed fresh fruit bunches (FFB), different types of wastes are generated which includes empty fruit bunch (EFB) (23%), mesocarp fiber (12%), shell (5%) and palm oil mill effluent (POME) (60%). POME has a high chemical and biochemical oxygen demand and mineral content such as nitrogen and phosphorous which can cause severe pollution to the environment. This can be a great nutrient for algal cultivation whilst remediating effluent and generating biomethane through anaerobic digestion. Algae capable of producing lipids and hydrocarbons with their photosynthetic abilities are among potential candidates for bioenergy generation. The harvested microalgal biomass can be used to produce bioethanol through fermentation. An integrated wastewater treatment and renewable bioenergy production would be an added benefit to the oil palm industry.

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  • Ahmad, Ashfaq & Buang, Azizul & Bhat, A.H., 2016. "Renewable and sustainable bioenergy production from microalgal co-cultivation with palm oil mill effluent (POME): A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 214-234.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:65:y:2016:i:c:p:214-234
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.06.084
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    Cited by:

    1. Hussain, Fida & Shah, Syed Z. & Ahmad, Habib & Abubshait, Samar A. & Abubshait, Haya A. & Laref, A. & Manikandan, A. & Kusuma, Heri S. & Iqbal, Munawar, 2021. "Microalgae an ecofriendly and sustainable wastewater treatment option: Biomass application in biofuel and bio-fertilizer production. A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    2. Kah Aik Tan & Japareng Lalung & Norhashimah Morad & Norli Ismail & Wan Maznah Wan Omar & Moonis Ali Khan & Mika Sillanpää & Mohd Rafatullah, 2021. "Post-Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Immobilised Green Microalgae Chlorococcum oleofaciens," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-18, October.
    3. Sze Shin Low & Kien Xiang Bong & Muhammad Mubashir & Chin Kui Cheng & Man Kee Lam & Jun Wei Lim & Yeek Chia Ho & Keat Teong Lee & Heli Siti Halimatul Munawaroh & Pau Loke Show, 2021. "Microalgae Cultivation in Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Treatment and Biofuel Production," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-17, March.
    4. Arkadiusz Piwowar & Maciej Dzikuć, 2019. "Development of Renewable Energy Sources in the Context of Threats Resulting from Low-Altitude Emissions in Rural Areas in Poland: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-15, September.
    5. Khatun, Rahima & Reza, Mohammad Imam Hasan & Moniruzzaman, M. & Yaakob, Zahira, 2017. "Sustainable oil palm industry: The possibilities," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 608-619.
    6. Singh, Kripal & Ansari, Faiz Ahmad & Ingle, Kapilkumar Nivrutti & Gupta, Sanjay Kumar & Ahirwal, Jitendra & Dhyani, Shalini & Singh, Shraddha & Abhilash, P.C. & Rawat, Ismael & Byun, Chaeho & Bux, Fai, 2023. "Microalgae from wastewaters to wastelands: Leveraging microalgal research conducive to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).

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