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Opportunities and barriers for producing high quality fuels from the pyrolysis of scrap tires

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  • Hita, Idoia
  • Arabiourrutia, Miriam
  • Olazar, Martin
  • Bilbao, Javier
  • Arandes, José María
  • Castaño, Pedro

Abstract

The 7·106t of waste tires that are generated yearly represent for a potential source of fuels considering its composition, rich in C and H, and its chemical features. Waste tires can be recycled through several processes aiming for either material, energy, or chemical product recovery. In this work we review the current status of these valorization pathways, with a particular focus on pyrolysis, its main products and their characteristics. Despite the extended reviews on the pyrolysis of tires, scarce material is available regarding the possibilities that scrap tires pyrolysis oil (STPO) offers and its limitations. STPO is both the most economically and energetically attractive product, and its composition (as obtained by different authors) is analyzed in this work, finding that the main barriers to solve for its direct implementation are (i) high sulfur content, (ii) high content of aromatics and (iii) high proportion of heavy molecules (>350°C). From an industrial perspective, a sequential 2-stage hydrotreating–hydrocracking strategy has been proposed for STPO upgrading in order to simultaneously overcoming all these limitations and produce high quality fuels.

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  • Hita, Idoia & Arabiourrutia, Miriam & Olazar, Martin & Bilbao, Javier & Arandes, José María & Castaño, Pedro, 2016. "Opportunities and barriers for producing high quality fuels from the pyrolysis of scrap tires," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 745-759.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:56:y:2016:i:c:p:745-759
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.11.081
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    Cited by:

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    2. Haseeb Yaqoob & Yew Heng Teoh & Farooq Sher & Muhammad Ahmad Jamil & Daniyal Murtaza & Mansour Al Qubeissi & Mehtab UI Hassan & M. A. Mujtaba, 2021. "Current Status and Potential of Tire Pyrolysis Oil Production as an Alternative Fuel in Developing Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-26, March.
    3. Czajczyńska, Dina & Krzyżyńska, Renata & Jouhara, Hussam & Spencer, Nik, 2017. "Use of pyrolytic gas from waste tire as a fuel: A review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 1121-1131.
    4. Zhu, Hongmei & He, Donglin & Duan, Hao & Yin, Hong & Chen, Yafei & Chao, Xing & Zhang, Xianming & Gong, Haifeng, 2023. "Study on coupled combustion behaviors and kinetics of plastic pyrolysis by-product for oil," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PA).
    5. Jiří Bojanovský & Vítězslav Máša & Igor Hudák & Pavel Skryja & Josef Hopjan, 2022. "Rotary Kiln, a Unit on the Border of the Process and Energy Industry—Current State and Perspectives," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-34, October.
    6. Arabiourrutia, Miriam & Lopez, Gartzen & Artetxe, Maite & Alvarez, Jon & Bilbao, Javier & Olazar, Martin, 2020. "Waste tyre valorization by catalytic pyrolysis – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 129(C).
    7. Li, Dan & Lei, Shijun & Lin, Fawei & Zhong, Lei & Ma, Wenchao & Chen, Guanyi, 2020. "Study of scrap tires pyrolysis – Products distribution and mechanism," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C).
    8. Ma, Chuan & Yu, Jie & Wang, Ben & Song, Zijian & Xiang, Jun & Hu, Song & Su, Sheng & Sun, Lushi, 2016. "Chemical recycling of brominated flame retarded plastics from e-waste for clean fuels production: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 433-450.
    9. Martínez, Juan Daniel, 2021. "An overview of the end-of-life tires status in some Latin American countries: Proposing pyrolysis for a circular economy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    10. Lopez, Gartzen & Artetxe, Maite & Amutio, Maider & Bilbao, Javier & Olazar, Martin, 2017. "Thermochemical routes for the valorization of waste polyolefinic plastics to produce fuels and chemicals. A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 346-368.
    11. Amir Rowhani & Thomas J. Rainey, 2016. "Scrap Tyre Management Pathways and Their Use as a Fuel—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-26, October.
    12. Bi, Rongshan & Zhang, Yan & Jiang, Xiao & Yang, Haixing & Yan, Kejia & Han, Min & Li, Wenhua & Zhong, Hua & Tan, Xinshun & Xia, Li & Sun, Xiaoyan & Xiang, Shuangguang, 2022. "Simulation and techno-economical analysis on the pyrolysis process of waste tire," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    13. Alvarez, J. & Lopez, G. & Amutio, M. & Mkhize, N.M. & Danon, B. & van der Gryp, P. & Görgens, J.F. & Bilbao, J. & Olazar, M., 2017. "Evaluation of the properties of tyre pyrolysis oils obtained in a conical spouted bed reactor," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 463-474.
    14. María Teresa Martín & Juan Luis Aguirre & Juan Baena-González & Sergio González & Roberto Pérez-Aparicio & Leticia Saiz-Rodríguez, 2022. "Influence of Specific Power on the Solid and Liquid Products Obtained in the Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis of End-of-Life Tires," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-17, March.
    15. Doja, Somi & Pillari, Lava Kumar & Bichler, Lukas, 2022. "Processing and activation of tire-derived char: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    16. Cho, Seong-Heon & Oh, Jeong-Ik & Jung, Sungyup & Park, Young-Kwon & Tsang, Yiu Fai & Ok, Yong Sik & Kwon, Eilhann E., 2020. "Catalytic pyrolytic platform for scrap tires using CO2 and steel slag," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    17. Gamboa, Alexander R. & Rocha, Ana M.A. & dos Santos, Leila R. & de Carvalho, João A., 2020. "Tire pyrolysis oil in Brazil: Potential production and quality of fuel," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).

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