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Microgrid protection: A comprehensive review

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  • Dagar, Annu
  • Gupta, Pankaj
  • Niranjan, Vandana

Abstract

Amalgamation of distributed energy resources (DER) with power system is developing as an emerging power framework. It is ecumenically based on the paramount issues such as extensive use of technologies based on distributed energy resources, shortage of fossil fuel in future, liberalism of electrical service industries and custom vigilance on environmental impact of the conventional method of generating electrical power. These issues are transmuting the concept of conventional power generation globally and introduce incipient challenges in the generation and distribution system. The interconnection of distributed generators has initiated the concept of microgrid which is the assemblage of interconnected distributed generators, intermediate storage units and loads. The pragmatic application of microgrid faces numerous technical challenges. Scheming with a congruous protection scheme is one of the solemn challenges in a microgrid framework. The level of fault current in both the modes of operation, active distributed generation, two-way flow of power, increased value of impedance and quality of communication network are the profuse challenges in scheming an efficacious protection technique. The protection scheme must be reliable, selective, fast and susceptible in both the working modes. This paper presents the meticulous study of the architecture of AC microgrid, DC microgrid and hybrid microgrid along with the associated protection issues and solutions. It also provides the censorious assessment of available challenges in the protection of microgrid in both grid-tied & islanded mode and available protection strategies for both AC microgrid and DC microgrid. An all-inclusive review has been done in each section considering the latest developments along with the future progression in the field of microgrid protection.

Suggested Citation

  • Dagar, Annu & Gupta, Pankaj & Niranjan, Vandana, 2021. "Microgrid protection: A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:149:y:2021:i:c:s1364032121006869
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111401
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    6. Uzair, Muhammad & Li, Li & Eskandari, Mohsen & Hossain, Jahangir & Zhu, Jian Guo, 2023. "Challenges, advances and future trends in AC microgrid protection: With a focus on intelligent learning methods," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    7. Hani Muhsen & Asma Alkhraibat & Ala’aldeen Al-Halhouli, 2023. "Real-Time Simulation and Energy Management Attainment of Microgrids," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-16, February.
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    9. Md. Fatin Ishraque & Akhlaqur Rahman & Sk. A. Shezan & GM Shafiullah, 2022. "Operation and Assessment of a Microgrid for Maldives: Islanded and Grid-Tied Mode," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-18, November.
    10. Musawenkosi Lethumcebo Thanduxolo Zulu & Rudiren Pillay Carpanen & Remy Tiako, 2023. "A Comprehensive Review: Study of Artificial Intelligence Optimization Technique Applications in a Hybrid Microgrid at Times of Fault Outbreaks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-32, February.
    11. Xia Zhang & Xiaohua Wang & Zhedong Li & Jingguang Huang & Yupeng Zhang, 2023. "Optimization of Impedance-Accelerated Inverse-Time Over-Current Protection Based on Improved Quantum Genetic Algorithm," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-19, January.
    12. Hegazy Rezk & A. G. Olabi & Enas Taha Sayed & Tabbi Wilberforce, 2023. "Role of Metaheuristics in Optimizing Microgrids Operating and Management Issues: A Comprehensive Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-27, March.
    13. Ammar Abbas Majeed & Ahmed Sabri Altaie & Mohamed Abderrahim & Afaneen Alkhazraji, 2023. "A Review of Protection Schemes for Electrical Distribution Networks with Green Distributed Generation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-31, November.
    14. Jun Dong & Yaoyu Zhang & Yuanyuan Wang & Yao Liu, 2021. "A Two-Stage Optimal Dispatching Model for Micro Energy Grid Considering the Dual Goals of Economy and Environmental Protection under CVaR," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-28, September.
    15. Cabello, G.M. & Navas, S.J. & Vázquez, I.M. & Iranzo, A. & Pino, F.J., 2022. "Renewable medium-small projects in Spain: Past and present of microgrid development," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    16. Pavel Ilyushin & Vladislav Volnyi & Konstantin Suslov & Sergey Filippov, 2022. "Review of Methods for Addressing Challenging Issues in the Operation of Protection Devices in Microgrids with Voltages of up to 1 kV That Integrates Distributed Energy Resources," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-22, December.
    17. García-García, Jersson & Sarmiento-Ariza, Yennifer & Campos-Rodríguez, Lizeth & Rey-López, Juan & Osma-Pinto, German, 2023. "Evaluation of tax incentives on the financial viability of microgrids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 329(C).
    18. Md. Fatin Ishraque & Akhlaqur Rahman & Sk. A. Shezan & S. M. Muyeen, 2022. "Grid Connected Microgrid Optimization and Control for a Coastal Island in the Indian Ocean," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-22, December.
    19. Jorge De La Cruz & Eduardo Gómez-Luna & Majid Ali & Juan C. Vasquez & Josep M. Guerrero, 2023. "Fault Location for Distribution Smart Grids: Literature Overview, Challenges, Solutions, and Future Trends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-37, February.

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