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An overview of microgrid protection methods and the factors involved

Author

Listed:
  • Hosseini, Seyed Amir
  • Abyaneh, Hossein Askarian
  • Sadeghi, Seyed Hossein Hesamedin
  • Razavi, Farzad
  • Nasiri, Adel

Abstract

Microgrid is a distribution system composed of a set of micro-generators which are added to a network. One serious challenge facing a microgrid network is designing a proper protection scheme. This is because the fault current in a microgrid is constantly changing due to the presence of distributed generation (DG) resources at all levels of the distribution network and to the fact that they can operate in two islanding and normal modes. This makes the conventional methods inappropriate for microgrid protection. That is, new schemes should be developed for this purpose. This paper is a summary of studies recently carried out in the field of microgrid protection. Along this line, the structure and topology of microgrids are reviewed first. Afterwards, the protective challenges facing DG-equipped distribution networks are discussed. Then, the innovative methods proposed to solve these problems are analyzed. These methods can be divided up into six main categories: changing settings of protective devices at presence of DG units, disconnecting pertinent DG units when faults occur, creating a balance among different DG technologies, using fault current limiter, using smart transformers, and adaptive protection. In so doing, we consider the factors involved in selecting each method. The factors identified are microgrid type and topology, DG type, communication type and delay time, method of fault detection and analysis, relay type, fault type, method of grounding, and use of smart transformers in microgrid. It is hoped that this work will be useful to the researchers in the field of microgrid protection in finding relevant references and designing appropriate methods.

Suggested Citation

  • Hosseini, Seyed Amir & Abyaneh, Hossein Askarian & Sadeghi, Seyed Hossein Hesamedin & Razavi, Farzad & Nasiri, Adel, 2016. "An overview of microgrid protection methods and the factors involved," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 174-186.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:64:y:2016:i:c:p:174-186
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.05.089
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    1. Justo, Jackson John & Mwasilu, Francis & Lee, Ju & Jung, Jin-Woo, 2013. "AC-microgrids versus DC-microgrids with distributed energy resources: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 387-405.
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    Cited by:

    1. José F. C. Castro & Ronaldo A. Roncolatto & Antonio R. Donadon & Vittoria E. M. S. Andrade & Pedro Rosas & Rafael G. Bento & José G. Matos & Fernando A. Assis & Francisco C. R. Coelho & Rodolfo Quadro, 2023. "Microgrid Applications and Technical Challenges—The Brazilian Status of Connection Standards and Operational Procedures," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-25, March.
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    5. Noor Hussain & Mashood Nasir & Juan Carlos Vasquez & Josep M. Guerrero, 2020. "Recent Developments and Challenges on AC Microgrids Fault Detection and Protection Systems–A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-31, May.
    6. Katja Sirviö & Kimmo Kauhaniemi & Aushiq Ali Memon & Hannu Laaksonen & Lauri Kumpulainen, 2020. "Functional Analysis of the Microgrid Concept Applied to Case Studies of the Sundom Smart Grid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-31, August.
    7. Sophie Marchand & Cristian Monsalve & Thorsten Reimann & Wolfram Heckmann & Jakob Ungerland & Hagen Lauer & Stephan Ruhe & Christoph Krauß, 2021. "Microgrid Systems: Towards a Technical Performance Assessment Frame," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-23, April.
    8. Shobole, Abdulfetah Abdela & Wadi, Mohammed, 2021. "Multiagent systems application for the smart grid protection," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    9. Dagar, Annu & Gupta, Pankaj & Niranjan, Vandana, 2021. "Microgrid protection: A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    10. Sergio Danilo Saldarriaga-Zuluaga & Jesús María López-Lezama & Nicolás Muñoz-Galeano, 2020. "Optimal Coordination of Overcurrent Relays in Microgrids Considering a Non-Standard Characteristic," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-18, February.
    11. Cagnano, A. & De Tuglie, E. & Mancarella, P., 2020. "Microgrids: Overview and guidelines for practical implementations and operation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    12. Mishra, Manohar & Patnaik, Bhaskar & Biswal, Monalisa & Hasan, Shazia & Bansal, Ramesh C., 2022. "A systematic review on DC-microgrid protection and grounding techniques: Issues, challenges and future perspective," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
    13. Edmilson Bermudes Rocha Junior & Oureste Elias Batista & Domingos Sávio Lyrio Simonetti, 2022. "Differential Analysis of Fault Currents in a Power Distribution Feeder Using abc , αβ0 , and dq0 Reference Frames," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-22, January.
    14. Barra, P.H.A. & Coury, D.V. & Fernandes, R.A.S., 2020. "A survey on adaptive protection of microgrids and distribution systems with distributed generators," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    15. Saidatul Habsah Asman & Nur Fadilah Ab Aziz & Ungku Anisa Ungku Amirulddin & Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir, 2021. "Transient Fault Detection and Location in Power Distribution Network: A Review of Current Practices and Challenges in Malaysia," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-37, May.
    16. Cheng Lv & Xiaodong Zheng & Nengling Tai & Shi Chen, 2018. "Single-Ended Protection Scheme for VSC-Based DC Microgrid Lines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-17, June.
    17. Teke Gush & Syed Basit Ali Bukhari & Khawaja Khalid Mehmood & Samuel Admasie & Ji-Soo Kim & Chul-Hwan Kim, 2019. "Intelligent Fault Classification and Location Identification Method for Microgrids Using Discrete Orthonormal Stockwell Transform-Based Optimized Multi-Kernel Extreme Learning Machine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-16, November.

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