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A comprehensive overview of the dc-dc converter-based battery charge balancing methods in electric vehicles

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  • Turksoy, Arzu
  • Teke, Ahmet
  • Alkaya, Alkan

Abstract

With the development of electric vehicle (EV) technologies, efficient and reliable use of rechargeable batteries (RBs) has become the key subject for automotive manufacturers. Among RBs, lithium-ion battery technology is the most prominent about high specific energy and specific power. The lithium-ion battery pack consists of battery cells with low terminal voltage connected in series to meet the voltage requirement of the EV system. However, the useable capacity of the battery pack is restricted by the low charge cell among the string. The manufacturing inconsistency and different operating conditions of each cell cause the charge imbalances in the battery pack. These imbalances lead to the reduction of the useable capacity, acceleration of cell degradation, and, more importantly, serious safety hazards like overcharging. In all EVs and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) using lithium-ion battery systems, the cell balancing controller is an essential task which managed by the battery management system (BMS) to improve battery life cycle and safety. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the DC-DC converter-based battery balancing system because of the impactful contribution to the charge balancing control and the design of balancing control algorithms. Moreover, other BMS functions such as state of charge (SOC) estimation, which affects balancing performance, are handled in this review.

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  • Turksoy, Arzu & Teke, Ahmet & Alkaya, Alkan, 2020. "A comprehensive overview of the dc-dc converter-based battery charge balancing methods in electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:133:y:2020:i:c:s1364032120305633
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2020.110274
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    4. Martin A. Alarcón-Carbajal & José E. Carvajal-Rubio & Juan D. Sánchez-Torres & David E. Castro-Palazuelos & Guillermo J. Rubio-Astorga, 2022. "An Output Feedback Discrete-Time Controller for the DC-DC Buck Converter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-21, July.
    5. Nuria Novas & Alfredo Alcayde & Isabel Robalo & Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro & Francisco G. Montoya, 2020. "Energies and Its Worldwide Research," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-41, December.
    6. Md. Mahamudul Hasan & Shahid Jaman & Thomas Geury & Omar Hegazy, 2023. "Performance Assessment of a Grid-Connected Two-Stage Bidirectional Converter for a Combined PV–Battery Energy Storage System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-20, June.
    7. Dongchen Qin & Shuai Qin & Tingting Wang & Hongxia Wu & Jiangyi Chen, 2022. "Balanced Control System Based on Bidirectional Flyback DC Converter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-25, October.
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    9. Chein-Chung Sun & Chun-Hung Chou & Yu-Liang Lin & Yu-Hua Huang, 2022. "A Cost-Effective Passive/Active Hybrid Equalizer Circuit Design," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-20, March.

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