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Island energy transition: Assessing Hawaii's multi-level, policy-driven approach

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  • Lee, Taedong
  • Glick, Mark B.
  • Lee, Jae-Hyup

Abstract

Islands are characterized by isolated energy systems and a reliance on fossil fuel imports which comes with significant economic and environmental consequences and difficulties. Specifically, climate change, energy security and reliability, and price volatility are contributing factors to transformational socio-technical change in energy systems. This study applied a sustainability transition management framework to conceptualize an island energy transition as a multi-level and purposive policy-driven sustainability and self-sufficiency socio-technical intervention. Using this contextual approach, we reviewed the means and scope of change, taking into consideration the prerequisites for developing an intelligent energy region from the inception of the Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative in 2008 to date. Based on a case study with document analysis and in-depth interviews with energy stakeholders, we assess progress on Hawaii's energy system transformation and associated socio-technical innovations. Through the lens of the multilevel perspective analytical framework, the case study results demonstrate how regime-level policies have stimulated actions at the niche-level to overcome significant policy and technological hurdles. Regime and niche-level actions in Hawaii's energy transition can inform potentially replicable sustainable energy policies in other islands as well as inland communities, states, and nations. This research contributes to energy policy literature by providing (1) a conceptual framework of an island energy transition; (2) a review of policy and technology solutions at the state and local level to support change; (3) a case study of a first-of-its kind energy innovation collaboration; and (4) policy implications for emerging island energy transition efforts worldwide.

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  • Lee, Taedong & Glick, Mark B. & Lee, Jae-Hyup, 2020. "Island energy transition: Assessing Hawaii's multi-level, policy-driven approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:118:y:2020:i:c:s1364032119307087
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2019.109500
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    1. Groppi, Daniele & Pfeifer, Antun & Garcia, Davide Astiaso & Krajačić, Goran & Duić, Neven, 2021. "A review on energy storage and demand side management solutions in smart energy islands," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    2. François, Agnès & Roche, Robin & Grondin, Dominique & Benne, Michel, 2023. "Assessment of medium and long term scenarios for the electrical autonomy in island territories: The Reunion Island case study," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    3. Pacheco, A. & Monteiro, J. & Santos, J. & Sequeira, C. & Nunes, J., 2022. "Energy transition process and community engagement on geographic islands: The case of Culatra Island (Ria Formosa, Portugal)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 700-711.
    4. Frković, Lovro & Ćosić, Boris & Pukšec, Tomislav & Vladimir, Nikola, 2022. "The synergy between the photovoltaic power systems and battery-powered electric ferries in the isolated energy system of an island," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
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