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Continuous liquid-phase valorization of bio-ethanol towards bio-butanol over metal modified alumina

Author

Listed:
  • Riittonen, Toni
  • Eränen, Kari
  • Mäki-Arvela, Päivi
  • Shchukarev, Andrey
  • Rautio, Anne-Riikka
  • Kordas, Krisztian
  • Kumar, Narendra
  • Salmi, Tapio
  • Mikkola, Jyri-Pekka

Abstract

Commercial mixed-phase aluminum oxide was used as a heterogeneous catalyst support, providing slightly basic properties which are well-suited for the condensation of bio-ethanol to C4 hydrocarbons, such as 1-butanol. Different metals (Cu, Ni and Co), at various metal loadings were deposited on the support. Consequently, the catalytic reactions were carried out in a continuous laboratory-scale fixed bed reactor operated at 240 °C and 70 bar. The catalysts were characterized by means of XRD, TEM, FT-IR, XPS and ICP-OES. Different metals were found to give entirely different product distributions. With the best catalysts, the selectivities towards 1-butanol close to 70% were reached, while the ethanol conversion typically varied between 10 and 30% – strongly depending on the metal applied. It was observed that low loading of copper and high loading of nickel were responsible for the formation of 1-butanol, whereas cobalt and high loading of copper resulted in the production of ethyl acetate. The reaction was found to be extremely sensitive to catalyst preparation conditions and procedures such as metal loading, calcination/reduction temperature and, thereby, to the formation of corresponding crystallite structure.

Suggested Citation

  • Riittonen, Toni & Eränen, Kari & Mäki-Arvela, Päivi & Shchukarev, Andrey & Rautio, Anne-Riikka & Kordas, Krisztian & Kumar, Narendra & Salmi, Tapio & Mikkola, Jyri-Pekka, 2015. "Continuous liquid-phase valorization of bio-ethanol towards bio-butanol over metal modified alumina," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 369-378.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:74:y:2015:i:c:p:369-378
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2014.08.052
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kumar, Manish & Gayen, Kalyan, 2011. "Developments in biobutanol production: New insights," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(6), pages 1999-2012, June.
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    2. Anu, & Kumar, Anil & Rapoport, Alexander & Kunze, Gotthard & Kumar, Sanjeev & Singh, Davender & Singh, Bijender, 2020. "Multifarious pretreatment strategies for the lignocellulosic substrates for the generation of renewable and sustainable biofuels: A review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 1228-1252.
    3. Singh, Suraj Bhan & Dhar, Atul & Agarwal, Avinash Kumar, 2015. "Technical feasibility study of butanol–gasoline blends for powering medium-duty transportation spark ignition engine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 706-716.

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