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Supercritical ethanol liquefaction of bamboo leaves using functionalized reduced graphene oxides for high quality bio-oil production

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  • Echaroj, Snunkhaem
  • Santikunaporn, Malee
  • Phan, Anh N.

Abstract

The study investigated the supercritical ethanol liquefaction of bamboo leaves using a functionalized reduced graphene oxide catalyst (GOr). The ZrO2–SrO/GOr catalyst consisted mostly of mesopores (95%) with only 5% micropores, which enhances the reactant's accessibility to active sites. The supercritical ethanol liquefaction was carried out in a 150 mL reactor and optimised for bio-oil production using an experimental central composite design (CCD). At optimum operating conditions (375 °C, a catalyst-to-biomass ratio of 1:2.5 (wt:wt) and a biomass-to-ethanol ratio of 1:10 (wt/vol), the bio-oil yield derived from bamboo leaves was 47%, which was higher than hydrothermal process (27%). A model was developed from analysis of variance (ANOVA) and validated using experimental data. The predicted and experimental data agreed well with an R2 of 0.99. The bio-oil had a higher heating value of 35.3 MJ/kg, consisting mainly of esters, phenolic and hydrocarbon compounds.

Suggested Citation

  • Echaroj, Snunkhaem & Santikunaporn, Malee & Phan, Anh N., 2023. "Supercritical ethanol liquefaction of bamboo leaves using functionalized reduced graphene oxides for high quality bio-oil production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 848-857.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:204:y:2023:i:c:p:848-857
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2022.12.110
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