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Effect of heating rate on biomass liquefaction: Differences between subcritical water and supercritical ethanol

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  • Brand, Steffen
  • Hardi, Flabianus
  • Kim, Jaehoon
  • Suh, Dong Jin

Abstract

This study investigates the influence of heating and cooling rate on liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass in subH2O (subcritical water) or in scEtOH (supercritical ethanol), in dependency of final reaction temperatures (250–350 °C) and residence times (1–40 min). The heating rate has been identified as a crucial parameter in the subH2O-based liquefaction, whereas it has marginal influence in the scEtOH-based liquefaction. Detailed characterization of gas, liquid and solid products enables to identify the individual reaction steps, which results in a new insight into the reaction mechanisms, depending on the liquefaction solvents and conditions. Similar to fast pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction consists of beneficial primary reactions (pyrolytic & hydrolytic degradation) and non-beneficial secondary reactions i.e. recombination and secondary cracking. In scEtOH, biomass was decomposed by pyrolysis and alcoholysis at relatively high reaction temperatures while the recombination of reaction intermediates are retarded by the unique reactions of scEtOH such as hydrogen donation and hydroxylalkylation.

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  • Brand, Steffen & Hardi, Flabianus & Kim, Jaehoon & Suh, Dong Jin, 2014. "Effect of heating rate on biomass liquefaction: Differences between subcritical water and supercritical ethanol," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 420-427.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:68:y:2014:i:c:p:420-427
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2014.02.086
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    11. Ong, Benjamin H.Y. & Walmsley, Timothy G. & Atkins, Martin J. & Varbanov, Petar S. & Walmsley, Michael R.W., 2019. "A heat- and mass-integrated design of hydrothermal liquefaction process co-located with a Kraft pulp mill," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
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    13. Je-Lueng Shie & Wei-Sheng Yang & Yi-Ru Liau & Tian-Hui Liau & Hong-Ren Yang, 2021. "Subcritical Hydrothermal Co-Liquefaction of Process Rejects at a Wastepaper-Based Paper Mill with Waste Soybean Oil," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-14, April.
    14. Wang, Liping & Chang, Yuzhi & Li, Aimin, 2019. "Hydrothermal carbonization for energy-efficient processing of sewage sludge: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 423-440.
    15. Prajitno, Hermawan & Park, Jongkeun & Ryu, Changkook & Park, Ho Young & Lim, Hyun Soo & Kim, Jaehoon, 2018. "Effects of solvent participation and controlled product separation on biomass liquefaction: A case study of sewage sludge," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C), pages 402-416.
    16. Knez, Ž. & Markočič, E. & Leitgeb, M. & Primožič, M. & Knez Hrnčič, M. & Škerget, M., 2014. "Industrial applications of supercritical fluids: A review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 235-243.
    17. Chen, Congjin & Zhu, Jingxian & Jia, Shuang & Mi, Shuai & Tong, Zhangfa & Li, Zhixia & Li, Mingfei & Zhang, Yanjuan & Hu, Yuhua & Huang, Zuqiang, 2018. "Effect of ethanol on Mulberry bark hydrothermal liquefaction and bio-oil chemical compositions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 460-475.
    18. Marwa G. Saad & Noura S. Dosoky & Mohamed S. Zoromba & Hesham M. Shafik, 2019. "Algal Biofuels: Current Status and Key Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-22, May.
    19. Yang, Ke & Wu, Kai & Zhang, Huiyan, 2022. "Machine learning prediction of the yield and oxygen content of bio-oil via biomass characteristics and pyrolysis conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PB).
    20. Fang, Peiwen & Gong, Zhiqiang & Wang, Zhenbo & Wang, Zhentong & Meng, Fanzhi, 2019. "Study on combustion and emission characteristics of microalgae and its extraction residue with TG-MS," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 884-894.
    21. Ankit Mathanker & Snehlata Das & Deepak Pudasainee & Monir Khan & Amit Kumar & Rajender Gupta, 2021. "A Review of Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Biomass for Biofuels Production with a Special Focus on the Effect of Process Parameters, Co-Solvents, and Extraction Solvents," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-60, August.

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