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The impact of tourism and finance on women empowerment

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  • Nassani, Abdelmohsen A.
  • Aldakhil, Abdullah Mohammed
  • Abro, Muhammad Moinuddin Qazi
  • Islam, Talat
  • Zaman, Khalid

Abstract

The Goal-5 of United Nations Development Agenda for gender equality and women empowerment through equalizing the ratio of girls and boys enrolment in primary education remains suffered in almost every part of the globalized world, which does not even violate the basic human rights while it is the mandatory foundation for global peace and prosperity. The contribution of international tourism development to empower women is the key initiative of the developed world to provide an equal opportunity to the women to sustain their livelihoods. This study focused on the role of international tourism development on women empowerment through mediating a number of financial factors in a panel of 24 selected European countries, over a period of 1990–2015. The results show that financial intermediaries act as a catalyst to empower women through international tourism. More specifically, tourism and financial factors promote (i) gender parity in tertiary enrollment, (ii) gender parity in primary and secondary school enrollment, (iii) female employment, and (iv) women’s share in non-agriculture wage employment, while the results further support the (i) growth-led tourism, (ii) finance-led growth, (iii) growth stimulate women empowerment, and (iv) tourism-induced women’s empowerment hypothesis across countries.

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  • Nassani, Abdelmohsen A. & Aldakhil, Abdullah Mohammed & Abro, Muhammad Moinuddin Qazi & Islam, Talat & Zaman, Khalid, 2019. "The impact of tourism and finance on women empowerment," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 41(2), pages 234-254.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jpolmo:v:41:y:2019:i:2:p:234-254
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jpolmod.2018.12.001
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    4. Murthi, Srinivash & Zhang, Wen & Shaturaev, Jakhongir, 2023. "Role of Tourism in Ensuring Gender Equity: An Asian Perspective," MPRA Paper 118486, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 15 Jun 2023.
    5. Farah Fathizadeh & Farhad Azizpour & Nader Sanati Sharghi & Heather L. Mair, 2022. "Boolean Analysis of Factors Affecting Women’s Participation in Rural Tourism," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-17, April.
    6. Khan, Majid, 2023. "Shifting Gender Roles in Society and the Workplace: Implications for Environmental Sustainability," MPRA Paper 116306, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 11 Feb 2023.
    7. Claudia Gil Arroyo & Carla Barbieri & Sandra Sotomayor & Whitney Knollenberg, 2019. "Cultivating Women’s Empowerment through Agritourism: Evidence from Andean Communities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-14, May.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    International Tourism; Women empowerment; Financial intermediaries; Per capita GDP; Panel econometric techniques; European countries;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F30 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - General
    • I24 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Inequality
    • Z32 - Other Special Topics - - Tourism Economics - - - Tourism and Development

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