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Cross-border M&A vs. greenfield FDI: Economic integration and its welfare impact

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  • Kim, Young-Han

Abstract

This paper examines the impacts of regional economic integration on the FDI entry mode of multinational firm and the welfare implications focusing on two entry modes, greenfield investment and cross-border M&A. Based on a oligopoly model where each representative firm competing in Cournot fashion, we demonstrate that the preferential trade arrangement increases the multinational firms' incentives to shift its entry mode from greenfield investment to cross-border M&A. Moreover, greenfield investment is a welfare dominant FDI entry mode for the host country while cross-border M&A might be preferred by multinational firms when the strategic effects of M&A are considered in addition to the asymmetric technology transfer effects of two entry modes. Finally, it is shown that there exists a unique equilibrium policy intervention to induce the choice of greenfield investment when the multinational firm's marginal cost is lower than the critical value.

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  • Kim, Young-Han, 2009. "Cross-border M&A vs. greenfield FDI: Economic integration and its welfare impact," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 31(1), pages 87-101.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jpolmo:v:31:y:2009:i:1:p:87-101
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    Cited by:

    1. Burger, Martijn J. & Ianchovichina, Elena I., 2014. "Surges and stops in FDI flows to developing countries : does the mode of entry make a difference ?," Policy Research Working Paper Series 6771, The World Bank.
    2. Reddy, Kotapati Srinivasa, 2015. "Revisiting and Reinforcing the Farmers Fox Theory: A Study (Test) of Three Cases in Cross-border Inbound Acquisitions," MPRA Paper 63561, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2015.
    3. repec:tep:teppwp:wp1206 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Ayesha Ashraf & Dierk Herzer & Peter Nunnenkamp, 2016. "The Effects of Greenfield FDI and Cross-border M&As on Total Factor Productivity," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 39(11), pages 1728-1755, November.
    5. Tianxu Jiang & Min Zhu, 2021. "The impact of innovation on companies’ cross-border mergers and acquisitions: evidence from China," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 55(3), pages 969-991, June.
    6. Tarun Kabiraj & Uday Bhanu Sinha, 2015. "Foreign Entry, Acquisition Target and Host Country Welfare," Manchester School, University of Manchester, vol. 83(6), pages 725-748, December.
    7. Hieu Thanh Nguyen & Hiep Ngoc Luu & Ngoc Ha Do, 2021. "The dynamic relationship between greenfield investments, cross-border M&As, domestic investment and economic growth in Vietnam," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 54(4), pages 1065-1089, November.
    8. Malamud, Semyon & Malkhozov, Aytek, 2016. "Market Integration and Global Crashes," CEPR Discussion Papers 11468, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    9. Kai Zhao, 2011. "Entry mode choice and target firm selection: private and collective incentive analysis," Working Papers halshs-00856139, HAL.
    10. Sara Amoroso & Bettina Müller, 2018. "The short-run effects of knowledge intensive greenfield FDI on new domestic entry," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 43(3), pages 815-836, June.
    11. Nagano, Mamoru, 2013. "Similarities and differences among cross-border M&A and greenfield FDI determinants: Evidence from Asia and Oceania," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 16(C), pages 100-118.
    12. Reddy, Kotapati Srinivasa, 2015. "Extant Reviews on Entry-mode/Internationalization, Mergers & Acquisitions, and Diversification: Understanding Theories and Establishing Interdisciplinary Research," MPRA Paper 63744, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2015.
    13. Haruka Takayama, 2021. "Greenfield or Brownfield? FDI Entry Mode and Intangible Capital," Discussion Paper Series DP2021-24, Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration, Kobe University.
    14. Alvaro Cuervo-Cazurra & Bernardo Silva-Rêgo & Ariane Figueira, 2022. "Financial and fiscal incentives and inward foreign direct investment: When quality institutions substitute incentives," Journal of International Business Policy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 5(4), pages 417-443, December.
    15. Hiep Ngoc Luu, 2016. "Greenfield investments, cross-border M&As, and economic growth in emerging countries," Economics and Business Letters, Oviedo University Press, vol. 5(3), pages 87-94.
    16. Amendolagine, Vito & Crescenzi, Riccardo & Rabellotti, Roberta, 2022. "The geography of acquisitions and greenfield investments: firm heterogeneity and regional institutional conditions," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 115597, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    17. Tung Son Ha & Vu Tuan Chu & Mai Tuyet Thi Nguyen & Dung Hoai Thi Nguyen & Anh Ngoc Thi Nguyen, 2021. "The impact of Greenfield investment on domestic entrepreneurship," Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 10(1), pages 1-16, December.
    18. Kai Zhao, 2012. "Entry mode choice and target firm selection: private and collective incentive analysis," TEPP Working Paper 2012-06, TEPP.
    19. Martijn J. Burger & Elena I. Ianchovichina, 2017. "Surges and stops in greenfield and M&A FDI flows to developing countries: analysis by mode of entry," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 153(2), pages 411-432, May.

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