IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/jotrge/v66y2018icp321-329.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A geography of child and elderly pedestrian injury in the City of Toronto, Canada

Author

Listed:
  • Grisé, Emily
  • Buliung, Ron
  • Rothman, Linda
  • Howard, Andrew

Abstract

Walking is one of the most accessible forms of physical activity for people of all ages. Promoting increased walking for transport may contribute to reduced air pollution, noise and traffic congestion. Understanding the geography of pedestrian motor vehicle collisions (PMVCs) can provide evidence to inform policy and planning that targets increased walking while reducing pedestrian injury risk, however age-related differences in the geography of injury are expected given differences in activity patterns and physical and cognitive abilities. The purpose of this paper is to explore spatial patterns of pedestrian motor vehicle collisions (PMVCs) by age, injury severity, and location in Canada's largest city, the City of Toronto. Geographical variation in PMVCs and injuries by age (namely seniors and children) and severity were explored using indirect standardized rates. Moran's I statistics were estimated to study the spatial clustering of PMVCs across urban and inner suburban neighbourhoods. Distinct spatial patterns of PMVCs and injuries were evident among children and seniors. While evidence of spatial clustering was indicated for both age groups, children's injuries revealed the strongest clustering, while PMVCs involving seniors were more dispersed. Furthermore, fatal and major injury events appeared to be concentrated toward and within Toronto's inner suburbs for both age groups. Findings from this study demonstrate the importance of planning pedestrian safety interventions that acknowledge spatial differences in geographic patterns of PMVCs by age.

Suggested Citation

  • Grisé, Emily & Buliung, Ron & Rothman, Linda & Howard, Andrew, 2018. "A geography of child and elderly pedestrian injury in the City of Toronto, Canada," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 321-329.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jotrge:v:66:y:2018:i:c:p:321-329
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2017.10.003
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096669231630391X
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2017.10.003?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yiannakoulias, Nikolaos & Rowe, Brian H. & Svenson, Lawrence W. & Schopflocher, Donald P. & Kelly, Karen & Voaklander, Donald C., 2003. "Zones of prevention: the geography of fall injuries in the elderly," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 57(11), pages 2065-2073, December.
    2. Morency, P. & Gauvin, L. & Plante, C. & Fournier, M. & Morency, C., 2012. "Neighborhood social inequalities in road traffic injuries: The influence of traffic volume and road design," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102(6), pages 1112-1119.
    3. Haynes, Robin & Reading, Richard & Gale, Susan, 2003. "Household and neighbourhood risks for injury to 5-14 year old children," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 57(4), pages 625-636, August.
    4. Ron Buliung & Matthew Roorda & Tarmo Remmel, 2008. "Exploring spatial variety in patterns of activity-travel behaviour: initial results from the Toronto Travel-Activity Panel Survey (TTAPS)," Transportation, Springer, vol. 35(6), pages 697-722, November.
    5. Greene-Roesel, Ryan & Diogenes, Mara Chagas & Ragland, David D., 2010. "Estimating Pedestrian Accident Exposure," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt7m97h15t, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.
    6. Joly, Marie-France & Foggin, Peter M. & Barry Pless, I., 1991. "Geographical and socio-ecological variations of traffic accidents among children," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 33(7), pages 765-769, January.
    7. Collins, Damian C. A. & Kearns, Robin A., 2005. "Geographies of inequality: Child pedestrian injury and walking school buses in Auckland, New Zealand," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 60(1), pages 61-69, January.
    8. Ewing, R. & Schieber, R.A. & Zegeer, C.V., 2003. "Urban Sprawl as a Risk Factor in Motor Vehicle Occupant and Pedestrian Fatalities," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 93(9), pages 1541-1545.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Loor, Ignacio & Evans, James, 2021. "Understanding the value and vulnerability of informal infrastructures: Footpaths in Quito," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yiannakoulias, Nikolaos & Scott, Darren M., 2013. "The effects of local and non-local traffic on child pedestrian safety: A spatial displacement of risk," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 96-104.
    2. Badland, Hannah & Pearce, Jamie, 2019. "Liveable for whom? Prospects of urban liveability to address health inequities," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 232(C), pages 94-105.
    3. Rebekka E. Apardian & Oleg Smirnov, 2020. "An analysis of pedestrian crashes using a spatial count data model," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 99(5), pages 1317-1338, October.
    4. Vaz, Eric & Tehranchi, Sina & Cusimano, Michael, 2017. "Spatial Assessment of Road Traffic Injuries in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA): Spatial Analysis Framework," Journal of Tourism, Sustainability and Well-being, Cinturs - Research Centre for Tourism, Sustainability and Well-being, University of Algarve, vol. 5(1), pages 37-55.
    5. Anura Amarasinghe & Gerard D'Souza & Cheryl Brown & Tatiana Borisova, 2006. "A Spatial Analysis of Obesity in West Virginia," Working Papers Working Paper 2006-13, Regional Research Institute, West Virginia University.
    6. Najaf, Pooya & Thill, Jean-Claude & Zhang, Wenjia & Fields, Milton Greg, 2018. "City-level urban form and traffic safety: A structural equation modeling analysis of direct and indirect effects," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 257-270.
    7. Heinen, Eva & Chatterjee, Kiron, 2015. "The same mode again? An exploration of mode choice variability in Great Britain using the National Travel Survey," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 266-282.
    8. Stephanie Pratt & Kyla Hagan-Haynes, 2023. "Applying a Health Equity Lens to Work-Related Motor Vehicle Safety in the United States," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(20), pages 1-23, October.
    9. Courtney Coughenour & Hanns de la Fuente-Mella & Alexander Paz, 2019. "Analysis of Self-Reported Walking for Transit in a Sprawling Urban Metropolitan Area in the Western U.S," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-16, February.
    10. repec:rri:wpaper:200613 is not listed on IDEAS
    11. Rosenlieb, Evan G. & McAndrews, Carolyn & Marshall, Wesley E. & Troy, Austin, 2018. "Urban development patterns and exposure to hazardous and protective traffic environments," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 125-134.
    12. Kendrick, Denise & Mulvaney, Caroline & Burton, Paul & Watson, Michael, 2005. "Relationships between child, family and neighbourhood characteristics and childhood injury: A cohort study," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 61(9), pages 1905-1915, November.
    13. Xuefeng Li & Yong Zhang & Mingyang Du, 2018. "Analysis of Travel Decision-Making for Urban Elderly Healthcare Activities under Temporal and Spatial Constraints," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-15, May.
    14. Collins, Damian C. A. & Kearns, Robin A., 2005. "Geographies of inequality: Child pedestrian injury and walking school buses in Auckland, New Zealand," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 60(1), pages 61-69, January.
    15. Chen, Zhiwei & Li, Xiaopeng, 2021. "Unobserved heterogeneity in transportation equity analysis: Evidence from a bike-sharing system in southern Tampa," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    16. Badland, Hannah & Whitzman, Carolyn & Lowe, Melanie & Davern, Melanie & Aye, Lu & Butterworth, Iain & Hes, Dominique & Giles-Corti, Billie, 2014. "Urban liveability: Emerging lessons from Australia for exploring the potential for indicators to measure the social determinants of health," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 64-73.
    17. Cox, Amanda & Morrongiello, Barbara A. & Bryant, Lindsay, 2021. "A longitudinal study of parents' expectations about infants’ emerging behaviors and their safety strategies to moderate injury risk," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 291(C).
    18. Thomas E. Lambert & James Catchen & Victoria Vogelgesang, 2015. "The Impact of Urban Sprawl on Disaster Relief Spending: An Exploratory Study," Journal of Economic Issues, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 49(3), pages 835-864, July.
    19. Eda Ustaoglu & Brendan Williams & Laura O. Petrov & Harutyun Shahumyan & Hedwig Van Delden, 2017. "Developing and Assessing Alternative Land-Use Scenarios from the MOLAND Model: A Scenario-Based Impact Analysis Approach for the Evaluation of Rapid Rail Provisions and Urban Development in the Greate," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-34, December.
    20. Tao, Sui & Rohde, David & Corcoran, Jonathan, 2014. "Examining the spatial–temporal dynamics of bus passenger travel behaviour using smart card data and the flow-comap," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 21-36.
    21. Macmillan, A.K. & Hosking, J. & L. Connor, J. & Bullen, C. & Ameratunga, S., 2013. "A Cochrane systematic review of the effectiveness of organisational travel plans: Improving the evidence base for transport decisions," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 249-256.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:jotrge:v:66:y:2018:i:c:p:321-329. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-transport-geography .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.