IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/jfinec/v131y2019i1p232-250.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The value of access to finance: Evidence from M&As

Author

Listed:
  • Cornaggia, Jess
  • Li, Jay Yin

Abstract

We examine synergies in mergers and acquisitions (M&As) generated by firms’ comparative advantages in access to bank finance. We find robust evidence that greater access to bank finance increases firms’ attractiveness as acquisition targets. Targets’ comparative advantage in bank finance improves bank credit supply and reduces financing costs for the merged firms. These effects are more pronounced for acquirers with greater frictions in accessing bank loans and acquirers with greater growth opportunities. Overall, this paper reveals that targets, not just acquirers, contribute to financial synergies in M&As.

Suggested Citation

  • Cornaggia, Jess & Li, Jay Yin, 2019. "The value of access to finance: Evidence from M&As," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 131(1), pages 232-250.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jfinec:v:131:y:2019:i:1:p:232-250
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2018.09.003
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304405X18302551
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.jfineco.2018.09.003?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Isil Erel & Yeejin Jang & Michael S. Weisbach, 2015. "Do Acquisitions Relieve Target Firms’ Financial Constraints?," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 70(1), pages 289-328, February.
    2. Julian Atanassov, 2013. "Do Hostile Takeovers Stifle Innovation? Evidence from Antitakeover Legislation and Corporate Patenting," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 68(3), pages 1097-1131, June.
    3. Duru, Augustine & Wang, Dechun & Zhao, Yijiang, 2013. "Staggered boards, corporate opacity and firm value," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(2), pages 341-360.
    4. Jayaratne, Jith & Strahan, Philip E, 1998. "Entry Restrictions, Industry Evolution, and Dynamic Efficiency: Evidence from Commercial Banking," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 41(1), pages 239-273, April.
    5. Mantecon, Tomas, 2008. "An analysis of the implications of uncertainty and agency problems on the wealth effects to acquirers of private firms," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(5), pages 892-905, May.
    6. Alex Edmans, 2009. "Blockholder Trading, Market Efficiency, and Managerial Myopia," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 64(6), pages 2481-2513, December.
    7. Gaspar, Jose-Miguel & Massa, Massimo & Matos, Pedro, 2005. "Shareholder investment horizons and the market for corporate control," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 76(1), pages 135-165, April.
    8. Allen N. Berger & Gregory F. Udell, 2002. "Small Business Credit Availability and Relationship Lending: The Importance of Bank Organisational Structure," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 112(477), pages 32-53, February.
    9. Alexander W. Butler, 2008. "Distance Still Matters: Evidence from Municipal Bond Underwriting," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 21(2), pages 763-784, April.
    10. Kerr, William R. & Nanda, Ramana, 2009. "Democratizing entry: Banking deregulations, financing constraints, and entrepreneurship," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 94(1), pages 124-149, October.
    11. Astrid A. Dick & Andreas Lehnert, 2010. "Personal Bankruptcy and Credit Market Competition," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 65(2), pages 655-686, April.
    12. Comment, Robert & Schwert, G. William, 1995. "Poison or placebo? Evidence on the deterrence and wealth effects of modern antitakeover measures," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 39(1), pages 3-43, September.
    13. Sudheer Chava & Michael R. Roberts, 2008. "How Does Financing Impact Investment? The Role of Debt Covenants," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 63(5), pages 2085-2121, October.
    14. Victoria Ivashina & Vinay B. Nair & Anthony Saunders & Nadia Massoud & Roger Stover, 2009. "Bank Debt and Corporate Governance," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 22(1), pages 41-77, January.
    15. Philippe Aghion & Patrick Bolton, 1992. "An Incomplete Contracts Approach to Financial Contracting," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 59(3), pages 473-494.
    16. Vojislav Maksimovic & Gordon Phillips & Liu Yang, 2013. "Private and Public Merger Waves," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 68(5), pages 2177-2217, October.
    17. Liao, Rose C., 2014. "What drives corporate minority acquisitions around the world? The case for financial constraints," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 78-95.
    18. Chava, Sudheer & Oettl, Alexander & Subramanian, Ajay & Subramanian, Krishnamurthy V., 2013. "Banking deregulation and innovation," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 109(3), pages 759-774.
    19. Amore, Mario Daniele & Schneider, Cédric & Žaldokas, Alminas, 2013. "Credit supply and corporate innovation," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 109(3), pages 835-855.
    20. Greene, Daniel, 2017. "Valuations in Corporate Takeovers and Financial Constraints on Private Targets," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 52(4), pages 1343-1373, August.
    21. Petersen, Mitchell A & Rajan, Raghuram G, 1994. "The Benefits of Lending Relationships: Evidence from Small Business Data," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 49(1), pages 3-37, March.
    22. Marianne Bertrand & Sendhil Mullainathan, 2003. "Enjoying the Quiet Life? Corporate Governance and Managerial Preferences," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 111(5), pages 1043-1075, October.
    23. Lewellen, Wilbur G, 1971. "A Pure Financial Rationale for the Conglomerate Merger," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 26(2), pages 521-537, May.
    24. Cornaggia, Jess & Mao, Yifei & Tian, Xuan & Wolfe, Brian, 2015. "Does banking competition affect innovation?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 115(1), pages 189-209.
    25. Smith, Richard L & Kim, Joo-Hyun, 1994. "The Combined Effects of Free Cash Flow and Financial Slack on Bidder and Target Stock Returns," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 67(2), pages 281-310, April.
    26. Zsuzsanna Fluck & Douglas Holtz-Eakin & Harvey S. Rosen, 1998. "Where Does the Money Come From? The Financing of Small Entrepreneurial Enterprises," New York University, Leonard N. Stern School Finance Department Working Paper Seires 98-038, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business-.
    27. Gregor Andrade & Mark Mitchell & Erik Stafford, 2001. "New Evidence and Perspectives on Mergers," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 15(2), pages 103-120, Spring.
    28. William R. Kerr & Ramana Nanda, 2009. "Financing Constraints and Entrepreneurship," Harvard Business School Working Papers 10-013, Harvard Business School.
    29. Bruner, Robert F., 1988. "The Use of Excess Cash and Debt Capacity as a Motive for Merger," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 23(2), pages 199-217, June.
    30. Harford, Jarrad, 2005. "What drives merger waves?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(3), pages 529-560, September.
    31. Murillo Campello & Mauricio Larrain, 2016. "Enlarging the Contracting Space: Collateral Menus, Access to Credit, and Economic Activity," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 29(2), pages 349-383.
    32. Christopher J. Malloy, 2005. "The Geography of Equity Analysis," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 60(2), pages 719-755, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Nadia Abdelhamid Abdelmegeed Abdelwahed & Bahadur Ali Soomro, 2023. "The COVID-19 Crises: The Threats, Uncertainties and Risks in Entrepreneurial Development," Risks, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-19, May.
    2. Jing, Zhongbo & Liu, Zhidong & Qi, Liyao & Zhang, Xuan, 2022. "Spillover effects of banking systemic risk on firms in China: A financial cycle analysis," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    3. Olha Bielienkova & Anton Moholivets & Yana Loktionova, 2021. "Measurement Of The Level Of Economic Security Of Enterprises By The Indicator Of The Attractiveness For Hostile Takeovers," Baltic Journal of Economic Studies, Publishing house "Baltija Publishing", vol. 7(5).
    4. Olayinka Oyekola & Sofia Johan & Rilwan Sakariyahu & Oluwatoyin Esther Dosumu & Shima Amini, 2023. "Political institutions, financial liberalisation, and access to finance: firm-level empirical evidence," Discussion Papers 2307, University of Exeter, Department of Economics.
    5. Williamson, Rohan & Yang, Jie, 2021. "Tapping into financial synergies: Alleviating financial constraints through acquisitions," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    6. Berger, Allen N. & Molyneux, Phil & Wilson, John O.S., 2020. "Banks and the real economy: An assessment of the research," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    7. Wang, Zhenkun & Lu, Weijie & Liu, Min, 2021. "Corporate social responsibility overinvestment in mergers and acquisitions," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    8. Shen, Huayu & Liang, Yue & Li, Hanwen & Liu, Jie & Lu, Guangxi, 2021. "Does geopolitical risk promote mergers and acquisitions of listed companies in energy and electric power industries," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    9. Nguyen, Giang & Vu, Le, 2021. "Does venture capital syndication affect mergers and acquisitions?," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    10. Hu, Yichuan & Li, Chang & Qin, Cong, 2020. "The impact of regional financial depth on outbound cross-border mergers and acquisitions," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
    11. Jiang, Shuyi & Li, Jay Y., 2022. "He who lends knows," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    12. Keren Chen, 2022. "Industrial Policy’s Effect on Cross-Border Mergers’ Decisions—Theoretical and Empirical Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-25, October.
    13. Roberta Arbolino & Raffaele Boffardi & Konstantinos Kounetas & Ugo Marani & Oreste Napolitano, 2024. "Are There Conditions That Can Predict When an M&A Works? The Case of Italian Listed Banks," Economies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-33, February.
    14. Ding, Bin Yan & Wei, Feng, 2023. "Overlapping membership between risk management committee and audit committee and bank risk-taking: Evidence from China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    15. Pu, Guifang & Xie, Yanxiang & Wang, Kai, 2023. "Board faultlines and risk-taking," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    16. Song, Xiaoni & Fang, Tong, 2023. "Temperature shocks and bank systemic risk: Evidence from China," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    17. Yemin Ding & Lee Chin & Fangyan Li & Peidong Deng, 2022. "How Does Government Efficiency Affect Health Outcomes? The Empirical Evidence from 156 Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-18, August.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Dang, Viet Anh & Lee, Edward & Liu, Yangke & Zeng, Cheng, 2022. "Bank deregulation and stock price crash risk," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    2. Jiang, Tianjiao & Levine, Ross & Lin, Chen & Wei, Lai, 2020. "Bank deregulation and corporate risk," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    3. Berger, Allen N. & Molyneux, Phil & Wilson, John O.S., 2020. "Banks and the real economy: An assessment of the research," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    4. Cornaggia, Jess & Mao, Yifei & Tian, Xuan & Wolfe, Brian, 2015. "Does banking competition affect innovation?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 115(1), pages 189-209.
    5. Berger, Allen N. & Chen, Ruiyuan (Ryan) & El Ghoul, Sadok & Guedhami, Omrane, 2020. "Who wins and who loses from bank geographic deregulation? Analysis of financially constrained and unconstrained firms," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    6. Kose John & Qianru Qi & Jing Wang, 2020. "Bank Integration and the Market for Corporate Control: Evidence from Cross-State Acquisitions," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 66(7), pages 3277-3294, July.
    7. Chen Lin & Sibo Liu & Lai Wei, 2023. "Banking and innovation: a review," Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(1), pages 143-176, January.
    8. Amore, Mario Daniele & Schneider, Cédric & Žaldokas, Alminas, 2013. "Credit supply and corporate innovation," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 109(3), pages 835-855.
    9. Acharya, Viral & Xu, Zhaoxia, 2017. "Financial dependence and innovation: The case of public versus private firms," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 124(2), pages 223-243.
    10. Shofiqur Rahman, 2020. "Credit supply and capital structure adjustments," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 49(4), pages 949-972, December.
    11. Neyland, Jordan & Shekhar, Chander, 2018. "How much is too much? Large termination fees and target distress," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 97-112.
    12. Fu Xin & Jie Zhang & Yue Guo & Shangkun Liang, 2022. "Banking structure change and corporate innovation: evidence from Chinese city‐branch data," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 62(S1), pages 2057-2084, April.
    13. Chu, Yongqiang, 2018. "Banking deregulation and credit supply: Distinguishing the balance sheet and the competition channels," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 35(PA), pages 102-119.
    14. Giau Bui, Dien & Chen, Yehning & Lin, Chih-Yung & Lin, Tse-Chun, 2021. "Risk-taking of bank CEOs and corporate innovation," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    15. Ramana Nanda & William R. Kerr, 2015. "Financing Innovation," Annual Review of Financial Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 7(1), pages 445-462, December.
    16. Canales, Rodrigo & Nanda, Ramana, 2012. "A darker side to decentralized banks: Market power and credit rationing in SME lending," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 105(2), pages 353-366.
    17. Liu, Xiaoling & Wu, Yuhui & Zhang, Huan, 2023. "Collateral-based monetary policy and corporate employment: Evidence from Medium-term Lending Facility in China," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    18. Laeven, Luc & Levine, Ross & Michalopoulos, Stelios, 2015. "Financial innovation and endogenous growth," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 24(1), pages 1-24.
    19. Flannery, Mark J. & Hanousek, Jan & Shamshur, Anastasiya & Tresl, Jiri, 2023. "M&A Activity and the Capital Structure of Target Firms," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 58(5), pages 2064-2095, August.
    20. Caroline Flammer & Aleksandra Kacperczyk, 2016. "The Impact of Stakeholder Orientation on Innovation: Evidence from a Natural Experiment," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 62(7), pages 1982-2001, July.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    M&A; Access to finance; Financial synergy;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill
    • G34 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:jfinec:v:131:y:2019:i:1:p:232-250. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505576 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.