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Gamification and the impact of extrinsic motivation on needs satisfaction: Making work fun?

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  • Mitchell, Robert
  • Schuster, Lisa
  • Jin, Hyun Seung

Abstract

Despite the proliferation of gamification in the workplace, little is known about the contextual factors that contribute to its efficacy and impact on employee engagement and organizational productivity. Employing self-determination theory, this research investigates the impact of extrinsic motivation, such as social pressure or internalized guilt, on employees' psychological needs satisfaction and behavioral intention. A survey (n = 291) across multiple industries shows extrinsic motivation can decrease employees' autonomy and competence needs satisfaction, but when extrinsic motivation is internalized (such as through perceived personal value) it can support needs satisfaction, intrinsic motivation, and behavioral intention. For managers, these results indicate that beyond being enjoyable, sustainable gamification design should provide benefits that are meaningful to and valued by employees. While it is acknowledged that further research is required, this study provides a basis for deeper understanding of how gamification works as the first to empirically examine the role of extrinsic motivation.

Suggested Citation

  • Mitchell, Robert & Schuster, Lisa & Jin, Hyun Seung, 2020. "Gamification and the impact of extrinsic motivation on needs satisfaction: Making work fun?," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 323-330.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jbrese:v:106:y:2020:i:c:p:323-330
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.11.022
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    Cited by:

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    2. Bitrián, Paula & Buil, Isabel & Catalán, Sara, 2021. "Enhancing user engagement: The role of gamification in mobile apps," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 170-185.
    3. Mark Anthony Camilleri, 2021. "The Employees’ State of Mind during COVID-19: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-17, March.
    4. Li-Chen Yu & Chia-Lin Hsu, 2022. "Understanding Users’ Urge to Post Online Reviews: A Study Based on Existence, Relatedness, and Growth Theory," SAGE Open, , vol. 12(4), pages 21582440221, October.
    5. Hongdan Zhao & Yuanhua Chen & Weiwei Liu, 2023. "Socially Responsible Human Resource Management and Employee Moral Voice: Based on the Self-determination Theory," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 183(3), pages 929-946, March.
    6. Zhou, Fei & Lin, Youhai & Mou, Jian & Cohen, Jason & Chen, Sihua, 2023. "Understanding the dark side of gamified interactions on short-form video platforms: Through a lens of expectations violations theory," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 186(PB).
    7. Hammedi, Wafa & Leclercq, Thomas & Poncin, Ingrid & Alkire (Née Nasr), Linda, 2021. "Uncovering the dark side of gamification at work: Impacts on engagement and well-being," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 256-269.
    8. Maha Alsuwailem, 2023. "Sustaining Work–Home Enrichment Experience in the Academic Sector: The Role of Intrinsic versus Extrinsic Motivations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-14, April.
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    10. Frank Goedertier & Bert Weijters & Pieter Vanpaemel, 2023. "The Longitudinal Effect of Digitally Administered Feedback on the Eco-Driving Behavior of Company Car Drivers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-16, December.

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