IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v36y2011i3p1630-1639.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Air conditioning in the region of Madrid, Spain: An approach to electricity consumption, economics and CO2 emissions

Author

Listed:
  • Izquierdo, M.
  • Moreno-Rodríguez, A.
  • González-Gil, A.
  • García-Hernando, N.

Abstract

An understanding of electricity consumption due to residential air conditioning (AC) may improve production and environmental impact strategy design. This article reports on a study of peak and seasonal electricity consumption for residential air conditioning in the region of Madrid, Spain. Consumption was assessed by simulating the operation of AC units at the outdoor summer temperature characteristics of central Spain. AC unit performance when operating under part load conditions in keeping with weather conditions was also studied to find cooling demand and energy efficiency. Likewise final electricity consumption was computed and used to calculate energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). Cooling demand, when family holidays outside the region were factored into the calculations, came to 1.46×109kWh. Associated seasonal electricity demand was 617×106kWh and seasonal performance of AC units around 2.4. Electricity consumption in the whole region was observed to peak on 30 June 2008 at 5.44×106kW, being the load attributable to residential AC 1.79×106kW, resulting about 33% of the total peak consumption. The seasonal cost per household was about €156 and the total equivalent warming impact was 572×103tCO2. The method proposed can be adapted for use in other regions.

Suggested Citation

  • Izquierdo, M. & Moreno-Rodríguez, A. & González-Gil, A. & García-Hernando, N., 2011. "Air conditioning in the region of Madrid, Spain: An approach to electricity consumption, economics and CO2 emissions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(3), pages 1630-1639.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:36:y:2011:i:3:p:1630-1639
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2010.12.068
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544210007747
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2010.12.068?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Psiloglou, B.E. & Giannakopoulos, C. & Majithia, S. & Petrakis, M., 2009. "Factors affecting electricity demand in Athens, Greece and London, UK: A comparative assessment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(11), pages 1855-1863.
    2. Yu, F.W. & Chan, K.T., 2005. "Experimental determination of the energy efficiency of an air-cooled chiller under part load conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 30(10), pages 1747-1758.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Boixo, Sergio & Diaz-Vicente, Marian & Colmenar, Antonio & Castro, Manuel Alonso, 2012. "Potential energy savings from cool roofs in Spain and Andalusia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 425-438.
    2. Izquierdo, M. & Marcos, J.D. & Palacios, M.E. & González-Gil, A., 2012. "Experimental evaluation of a low-power direct air-cooled double-effect LiBr–H2O absorption prototype," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 737-748.
    3. Moreno-Rodriguez, A. & Garcia-Hernando, N. & González-Gil, A. & Izquierdo, M., 2013. "Experimental validation of a theoretical model for a direct-expansion solar-assisted heat pump applied to heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 242-253.
    4. Soimakallio, Sampo & Kiviluoma, Juha & Saikku, Laura, 2011. "The complexity and challenges of determining GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions from grid electricity consumption and conservation in LCA (life cycle assessment) – A methodological review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(12), pages 6705-6713.
    5. Foudi, Sébastien & Spadaro, Joseph V. & Chiabai, Aline & Polanco-Martínez, Josué M. & Neumann, Marc B., 2017. "The climatic dependencies of urban ecosystem services from green roofs: Threshold effects and non-linearity," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 223-233.
    6. Pons, M. & Anies, G. & Boudehenn, F. & Bourdoukan, P. & Castaing-Lasvignottes, J. & Evola, G. & Le Denn, A. & Le Pierrès, N. & Marc, O. & Mazet, N. & Stitou, D. & Lucas, F., 2012. "Performance comparison of six solar-powered air-conditioners operated in five places," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 46(1), pages 471-483.
    7. Olaia Eguiarte & Antonio Garrido-Marijuán & Pablo de Agustín-Camacho & Luis del Portillo & Ander Romero-Amorrortu, 2020. "Energy, Environmental and Economic Analysis of Air-to-Air Heat Pumps as an Alternative to Heating Electrification in Europe," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-18, August.
    8. Izquierdo, M. & de Agustín-Camacho, P., 2015. "Solar heating by radiant floor: Experimental results and emission reduction obtained with a micro photovoltaic–heat pump system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 297-307.
    9. Belen Moreno Santamaria & Fernando del Ama Gonzalo & Benito Lauret Aguirregabiria & Juan A. Hernandez Ramos, 2020. "Evaluation of Thermal Comfort and Energy Consumption of Water Flow Glazing as a Radiant Heating and Cooling System: A Case Study of an Office Space," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-27, September.
    10. Albaik, Ibrahim & Al-Dadah, Raya & Mahmoud, Saad & Ismail, Mohamed A. & Almesfer, Mohammed K., 2022. "Coated, packed and combined wire finned tube adsorption cooling and desalination system using metal-organic framework: Numerical study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 247(C).
    11. Karin Lundgren & Tord Kjellstrom, 2013. "Sustainability Challenges from Climate Change and Air Conditioning Use in Urban Areas," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 5(7), pages 1-13, July.
    12. Müller, Dario & Chartouni, Daniel, 2022. "Implications on EROI and climate change of introducing Li-ion batteries to residential PV systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 326(C).
    13. Alberto Gutierrez-Escolar & Ana Castillo-Martinez & Jose M. Gomez-Pulido & Jose-Maria Gutierrez-Martinez & Zlatko Stapic, 2014. "A New System to Estimate and Reduce Electrical Energy Consumption of Domestic Hot Water in Spain," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(11), pages 1-19, October.
    14. Al-Zyoud, S. & Rühaak, W. & Sass, I., 2014. "Dynamic numerical modeling of the usage of groundwater for cooling in north east Jordan – A geothermal case study," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 63-72.
    15. Pedro J. Zarco-Periñán & Fco Javier Zarco-Soto & Irene M. Zarco-Soto & José L. Martínez-Ramos & Rafael Sánchez-Durán, 2022. "CO 2 Emissions in Buildings: A Synopsis of Current Studies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-10, September.
    16. Shahzad, Muhammad Wakil & Lin, Jie & Xu, Ben Bin & Dala, Laurent & Chen, Qian & Burhan, Muhammad & Sultan, Muhammad & Worek, William & Ng, Kim Choon, 2021. "A spatiotemporal indirect evaporative cooler enabled by transiently interceding water mist," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
    17. Oh, Seung Jin & Shahzad, Muhammad Wakil & Burhan, Muhammad & Chun, Wongee & Kian Jon, Chua & KumJa, M. & Ng, Kim Choon, 2019. "Approaches to energy efficiency in air conditioning: A comparative study on purge configurations for indirect evaporative cooling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 505-515.
    18. Izquierdo, M. & González-Gil, A. & Palacios, E., 2014. "Solar-powered single-and double-effect directly air-cooled LiBr–H2O absorption prototype built as a single unit," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 7-19.
    19. Mota-Babiloni, Adrián & Barbosa, Jader R. & Makhnatch, Pavel & Lozano, Jaime A., 2020. "Assessment of the utilization of equivalent warming impact metrics in refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 129(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Santágata, Daniela M. & Castesana, Paula & Rössler, Cristina E. & Gómez, Darío R., 2017. "Extreme temperature events affecting the electricity distribution system of the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires (1971–2013)," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 404-414.
    2. Zhuang, Chaoqun & Wang, Shengwei & Shan, Kui, 2020. "A risk-based robust optimal chiller sequencing control strategy for energy-efficient operation considering measurement uncertainties," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
    3. Adom, Philip Kofi & Bekoe, William & Akoena, Sesi Kutri Komla, 2012. "Modelling aggregate domestic electricity demand in Ghana: An autoregressive distributed lag bounds cointegration approach," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 530-537.
    4. Geofrey Okoboi & Joseph Mawejje, 2016. "The impact of adoption of power factor correction technology on electricity peak demand in Uganda," Journal of Economic Structures, Springer;Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS), vol. 5(1), pages 1-14, December.
    5. Krese, Gorazd & Lampret, Žiga & Butala, Vincenc & Prek, Matjaž, 2018. "Determination of a Building's balance point temperature as an energy characteristic," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PB), pages 1034-1049.
    6. Baptiste François & Benoit Hingray & Marco Borga & Davide Zoccatelli & Casey Brown & Jean-Dominique Creutin, 2018. "Impact of Climate Change on Combined Solar and Run-of-River Power in Northern Italy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-22, January.
    7. Davoodi, Vajihe & Kazemiani-Najafabadi, Parisa & Amiri Rad, Ehsan, 2022. "Presenting a power and cascade cooling cycle driven using solar energy and natural gas," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 186(C), pages 802-813.
    8. Klein, Daniel R. & Olonscheck, Mady & Walther, Carsten & Kropp, Jürgen P., 2013. "Susceptibility of the European electricity sector to climate change," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 183-193.
    9. Tong Wu & Zhe You & Mengqi Gong & Jinhua Cheng, 2021. "Star Wars? Space Weather and Electricity Market: Evidence from China," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-14, August.
    10. Dirks, James A. & Gorrissen, Willy J. & Hathaway, John H. & Skorski, Daniel C. & Scott, Michael J. & Pulsipher, Trenton C. & Huang, Maoyi & Liu, Ying & Rice, Jennie S., 2015. "Impacts of climate change on energy consumption and peak demand in buildings: A detailed regional approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 20-32.
    11. DeForest, Nicholas & Mendes, Gonçalo & Stadler, Michael & Feng, Wei & Lai, Judy & Marnay, Chris, 2014. "Optimal deployment of thermal energy storage under diverse economic and climate conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 488-496.
    12. Serafín Alonso & Antonio Morán & Miguel Ángel Prada & Perfecto Reguera & Juan José Fuertes & Manuel Domínguez, 2019. "A Data-Driven Approach for Enhancing the Efficiency in Chiller Plants: A Hospital Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-28, March.
    13. Ma, Zhenjun & Wang, Shengwei, 2009. "Building energy research in Hong Kong: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(8), pages 1870-1883, October.
    14. François, B. & Borga, M. & Creutin, J.D. & Hingray, B. & Raynaud, D. & Sauterleute, J.F., 2016. "Complementarity between solar and hydro power: Sensitivity study to climate characteristics in Northern-Italy," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 543-553.
    15. Naeem Ur Rehman, Khattak & Tariq, Muhammad & Khan, Jangraiz, 2010. "Determinants of Household’s Demand for Electricity in District Peshawar," MPRA Paper 56007, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2010.
    16. Chung, Mo & Park, Hwa-Choon, 2015. "Comparison of building energy demand for hotels, hospitals, and offices in Korea," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 92(P3), pages 383-393.
    17. Shively, Thomas S. & Walker, Stephen G. & Damien, Paul, 2011. "Nonparametric function estimation subject to monotonicity, convexity and other shape constraints," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 161(2), pages 166-181, April.
    18. Hirano, Y. & Fujita, T., 2012. "Evaluation of the impact of the urban heat island on residential and commercial energy consumption in Tokyo," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 371-383.
    19. Mohammadi, Neda & Taylor, John E., 2017. "Urban infrastructure-mobility energy flux," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(P1), pages 716-728.
    20. Wang, Yaoping & Bielicki, Jeffrey M., 2018. "Acclimation and the response of hourly electricity loads to meteorological variables," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 473-485.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:36:y:2011:i:3:p:1630-1639. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.