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Field-scale evaluation of the design of borehole heat exchangers for the use of shallow geothermal energy

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  • Kim, Seong-Kyun
  • Bae, Gwang-Ok
  • Lee, Kang-Kun
  • Song, Yoonho

Abstract

A numerical model for the simulation of temperature changes in a borehole heat exchanger (BHE) with fluid circulating through U-tubes is developed. The model can calculate the thermal power transferred from heat pumps to BHEs while considering the nonlinear relationship between temperature of the circulating fluid and the thermal power. The use of the developed model enables the design of a geothermal heat pump (GHP) system with the view of pursuing efficiency and financial benefit. The developed model is validated by comparing two measurement datasets with their respective simulation results. The numerical evaluation of a real GHP system with 28 BHEs and 79 heat pumps involved consideration of a base case and modified cases. In all cases, the temperatures of the circulating fluid at the BHE inlet and outlet, heat pump efficiency, and the heating power and electric power of heat pumps were obtained. The estimated cost of electricity in the year 2030 is 0.146US$/kW. The most cost-effective system in this case is for there to be 4, 6, and 6 BHEs on the first, second, and third floors, respectively.

Suggested Citation

  • Kim, Seong-Kyun & Bae, Gwang-Ok & Lee, Kang-Kun & Song, Yoonho, 2010. "Field-scale evaluation of the design of borehole heat exchangers for the use of shallow geothermal energy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(2), pages 491-500.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:35:y:2010:i:2:p:491-500
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2009.10.003
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gehlin, S.E.A. & Hellström, G., 2003. "Influence on thermal response test by groundwater flow in vertical fractures in hard rock," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 28(14), pages 2221-2238.
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    1. Blum, Philipp & Campillo, Gisela & Kölbel, Thomas, 2011. "Techno-economic and spatial analysis of vertical ground source heat pump systems in Germany," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 3002-3011.
    2. Zheng, Guozhong & Li, Feng & Tian, Zhe & Zhu, Neng & Li, Qianru & Zhu, Han, 2012. "Operation strategy analysis of a geothermal step utilization heating system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 44(1), pages 458-468.
    3. Bayer, Peter & de Paly, Michael & Beck, Markus, 2014. "Strategic optimization of borehole heat exchanger field for seasonal geothermal heating and cooling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 445-453.
    4. Retkowski, Waldemar & Ziefle, Gesa & Thöming, Jorg, 2015. "Evaluation of different heat extraction strategies for shallow vertical ground-source heat pump systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 259-271.
    5. Loveridge, Fleur & Powrie, William, 2013. "Temperature response functions (G-functions) for single pile heat exchangers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 554-564.
    6. Javadi, Hossein & Mousavi Ajarostaghi, Seyed Soheil & Rosen, Marc A. & Pourfallah, Mohsen, 2019. "Performance of ground heat exchangers: A comprehensive review of recent advances," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 207-233.
    7. Shim, B.O. & Park, C.-H., 2013. "Ground thermal conductivity for (ground source heat pumps) GSHPs in Korea," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 167-174.
    8. Guo, Fang & Zhu, Xiaoyue & Li, Pengchao & Yang, Xudong, 2022. "Low-grade industrial waste heat utilization in urban district heating: Simulation-based performance assessment of a seasonal thermal energy storage system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PE).
    9. Florides, Georgios A. & Christodoulides, Paul & Pouloupatis, Panayiotis, 2012. "An analysis of heat flow through a borehole heat exchanger validated model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 523-533.
    10. Han, Chanjuan & Yu, Xiong (Bill), 2016. "Performance of a residential ground source heat pump system in sedimentary rock formation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 89-98.
    11. Charlesworth, S.M. & Faraj-Llyod, A.S. & Coupe, S.J., 2017. "Renewable energy combined with sustainable drainage: Ground source heat and pervious paving," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P2), pages 912-919.
    12. Peretti, Clara & Zarrella, Angelo & De Carli, Michele & Zecchin, Roberto, 2013. "The design and environmental evaluation of earth-to-air heat exchangers (EAHE). A literature review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 107-116.
    13. Beck, Markus & Bayer, Peter & de Paly, Michael & Hecht-Méndez, Jozsef & Zell, Andreas, 2013. "Geometric arrangement and operation mode adjustment in low-enthalpy geothermal borehole fields for heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 434-443.
    14. Capozza, Antonio & De Carli, Michele & Zarrella, Angelo, 2013. "Investigations on the influence of aquifers on the ground temperature in ground-source heat pump operation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 350-363.
    15. Paul Christodoulides & Ana Vieira & Stanislav Lenart & João Maranha & Gregor Vidmar & Rumen Popov & Aleksandar Georgiev & Lazaros Aresti & Georgios Florides, 2020. "Reviewing the Modeling Aspects and Practices of Shallow Geothermal Energy Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-45, August.
    16. Li, Min & Lai, Alvin C.K., 2012. "New temperature response functions (G functions) for pile and borehole ground heat exchangers based on composite-medium line-source theory," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 255-263.
    17. Brown, Christopher S. & Kolo, Isa & Falcone, Gioia & Banks, David, 2023. "Investigating scalability of deep borehole heat exchangers: Numerical modelling of arrays with varied modes of operation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 442-452.
    18. Pouloupatis, Panayiotis D. & Tassou, Savvas A. & Christodoulides, Paul & Florides, Georgios A., 2017. "Parametric analysis of the factors affecting the efficiency of ground heat exchangers and design application aspects in Cyprus," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 721-728.
    19. García-Céspedes, J. & Arnó, G. & Herms, I. & de Felipe, J.J., 2020. "Characterisation of efficiency losses in ground source heat pump systems equipped with a double parallel stage: A case study," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P2), pages 2761-2773.
    20. Rapantova, Nada & Pospisil, Pavel & Koziorek, Jiri & Vojcinak, Petr & Grycz, David & Rozehnal, Zdenek, 2016. "Optimisation of experimental operation of borehole thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 464-476.
    21. Jin, Guang & Li, Zheng & Guo, Shaopeng & Wu, Xuan & Wu, Wenfei & Zhang, Kai, 2020. "Thermal performance analysis of multiple borehole heat exchangers in multilayer geotechnical media," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C).

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