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Energy use analysis of selected palm-kernel oil mills in south western Nigeria

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  • Jekayinfa, S.O.
  • Bamgboye, A.I.

Abstract

Energy use patterns and utilisation efficiencies in 40 factories producing palm kernel oil (PKO) in southwestern part of Nigeria were studied. The factories were stratified into small, medium and large scale categories based on the mode of operations and production capacities. Questionnaires were administered on the factories to obtain historical data on petrol, diesel and electricity consumption and PKO production outputs for seven years (1998–2004). Energy use efficiency indicators employed include: energy intensity (EI), energy cost per unit product (EC/P), energy ratio (ER), food energy ratio (FER) and percentage oil yield by weight. Results of the study indicated that averagely, 0.58, 0.53 and 0.74GJ/103l of PKO were needed in the small, medium and large PKO factories, respectively. The average food energy ratios in the small, medium and large mills are 2.48, 2.53 and 2.14, respectively. The corresponding values of PKO conversion ratio are 0.43, 0.50 and 0.35. Electrical energy consumption in medium and large mills was lower than thermal energy due to irregularity and decline in electricity supply from the national grid. The results of the study has provided required baseline information needed for budgeting, comparison of yearly energy consumption, forecasting energy requirements and planning expansion in PKO factories.

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  • Jekayinfa, S.O. & Bamgboye, A.I., 2008. "Energy use analysis of selected palm-kernel oil mills in south western Nigeria," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(1), pages 81-90.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:33:y:2008:i:1:p:81-90
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2007.08.008
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jekayinfa, S.O. & Bamgboye, A.I., 2006. "Estimating energy requirement in cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) nut processing operations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 31(8), pages 1305-1320.
    2. Akinbami, J. -F. K. & Ilori, M. O. & Oyebisi, T. O. & Akinwumi, I. O. & Adeoti, O., 2001. "Biogas energy use in Nigeria: current status, future prospects and policy implications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 5(1), pages 97-112, March.
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    1. Goh, Chun Sheng & Lee, Keat Teong, 2010. "Palm-based biofuel refinery (PBR) to substitute petroleum refinery: An energy and emergy assessment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(9), pages 2986-2995, December.
    2. Hafiz Muhammad Abrar Ilyas & Majeed Safa & Alison Bailey & Sara Rauf & Azeem Khan, 2020. "Energy Efficiency Outlook of New Zealand Dairy Farming Systems: An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-14, January.
    3. Yang, Ming, 2010. "Energy efficiency improving opportunities in a large Chinese shoe-making enterprise," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 452-462, January.
    4. Heidari, M.D. & Omid, M. & Akram, A., 2011. "Energy efficiency and econometric analysis of broiler production farms," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(11), pages 6536-6541.
    5. Elahi, Ehsan & Weijun, Cui & Jha, Sunil Kumar & Zhang, Huiming, 2019. "Estimation of realistic renewable and non-renewable energy use targets for livestock production systems utilising an artificial neural network method: A step towards livestock sustainability," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 191-204.
    6. Aliyu Alhaji Jibrilla, 2018. "Does Trade Liberalization Affect Energy Saving in Nigeria?," Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, International Research Alliance for Sustainable Development (iRASD), vol. 6(4), pages :493-515, December.
    7. Chen, Shaoqing & Chen, Bin, 2014. "Energy efficiency and sustainability of complex biogas systems: A 3-level emergetic evaluation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 151-163.

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