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Rapid solar-thermal dissociation of natural gas in an aerosol flow reactor

Author

Listed:
  • Dahl, Jaimee K
  • Buechler, Karen J
  • Finley, Ryan
  • Stanislaus, Timothy
  • Weimer, Alan W
  • Lewandowski, Allan
  • Bingham, Carl
  • Smeets, Alexander
  • Schneider, Adrian

Abstract

A solar-thermal aerosol flow reactor process is being developed to dissociate natural gas (NG) to hy drogen (H2) and carbon black at high rates. Concentrated sunlight approaching 10 kW heats a 9.4 cm long×2.4 cm diameter graphite reaction tube to temperatures ~2000 K using a 74% theoretically efficient secondary concentrator. Pure methane feed has been dissociated to 70% for residence times less than 0.1 s. The resulting carbon black is 20–40 nm in size, amorphous, and pure. A 5 million (M) kg/yr carbon black/1.67 M kg/yr H2 plant is considered for process scale-up. The total permanent investment (TPI) of this plant is $12.7 M. A 15% IRR after tax is achieved when the carbon black is sold for $0.66/kg and the H2 for $13.80/GJ. This plant could supply 0.06% of the world carbon black market. For this scenario, the solar-thermal process avoids 277 MJ fossil fuel and 13.9 kg-equivalent CO2/kg H2 produced as compared to conventional steam-methane reforming and furnace black processing.

Suggested Citation

  • Dahl, Jaimee K & Buechler, Karen J & Finley, Ryan & Stanislaus, Timothy & Weimer, Alan W & Lewandowski, Allan & Bingham, Carl & Smeets, Alexander & Schneider, Adrian, 2004. "Rapid solar-thermal dissociation of natural gas in an aerosol flow reactor," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 29(5), pages 715-725.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:29:y:2004:i:5:p:715-725
    DOI: 10.1016/S0360-5442(03)00179-8
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kadoshin, Shiro & Nishiyama, Takashi & Ito, Toshihide, 2000. "The trend in current and near future energy consumption from a statistical perspective," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 67(4), pages 407-417, December.
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    1. Koumi Ngoh, Simon & Njomo, Donatien, 2012. "An overview of hydrogen gas production from solar energy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(9), pages 6782-6792.
    2. Abuseada, Mostafa & Fisher, Timothy S., 2023. "Continuous solar-thermal methane pyrolysis for hydrogen and graphite production by roll-to-roll processing," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 352(C).
    3. Keipi, Tiina & Li, Tian & Løvås, Terese & Tolvanen, Henrik & Konttinen, Jukka, 2017. "Methane thermal decomposition in regenerative heat exchanger reactor: Experimental and modeling study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 823-832.
    4. Abánades, A. & Rubbia, C. & Salmieri, D., 2012. "Technological challenges for industrial development of hydrogen production based on methane cracking," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 46(1), pages 359-363.
    5. Ozalp, Nesrin & Ibrik, Karim & Al-Meer, Mariam, 2013. "Kinetics and heat transfer analysis of carbon catalyzed solar cracking process," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 74-81.
    6. Ozalp, N. & Abedini, H. & Abuseada, M. & Davis, R. & Rutten, J. & Verschoren, J. & Ophoff, C. & Moens, D., 2022. "An overview of direct carbon fuel cells and their promising potential on coupling with solar thermochemical carbon production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    7. Gokon, Nobuyuki & Nakamura, Shohei & Hatamachi, Tsuyoshi & Kodama, Tatsuya, 2014. "Steam reforming of methane using double-walled reformer tubes containing high-temperature thermal storage Na2CO3/MgO composites for solar fuel production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 773-782.
    8. Villafán-Vidales, H.I. & Arancibia-Bulnes, C.A. & Riveros-Rosas, D. & Romero-Paredes, H. & Estrada, C.A., 2017. "An overview of the solar thermochemical processes for hydrogen and syngas production: Reactors, and facilities," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 894-908.

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