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Techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment of industrial production of ammonia via bio-oil conversion

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  • Zheng, Ji-Lu
  • Zhu, Ya-Hong
  • Dong, Yan-Yan
  • Chen, Yue
  • Zhu, Ming-Qiang

Abstract

This work assess the economic feasibility and environmental burdens of ammonia generation via distributed bio-oil production from corn stover and a central bio-oil reforming pathway or a central bio-oil partial oxidation pathway. The total capital investment is $1,254, 702, 937 for the reforming pathway and $1,273, 047, 866 for the partial oxidation pathway, respectively. The minimum selling price is separately $0.992/kg ammonia for the reforming pathway and $1.05/kg ammonia for the partial oxidation pathway, assuming a standard discount rate of 10%. A sensitivity and optimal analysis shows that the optimal minimum selling price could be as low as $0.39/kg ammonia for the steam-reforming pathway. Global warming potential is 1.11 kgCO2-eq/kg ammonia for the steam-reforming pathway and 1.66 kgCO2-eq/kg ammonia for the partial oxidation pathway, respectively. In this life cycle assessment study, other two categories including eco-indicator 99 and cumulative energy demand were also considered. Finally, the cost for buying or utilizing 1 MJ of biohydrogen contained in ammonia carrier is only 2% of that for buying or utilizing 1 MJ of biohydrogen stored in high pressure tanks. Overall, ammonia production via bio-oil conversion, especially bio-oil steam-reforming, could be more environmental-friendly than ammonia production via petrochemical synthesis, suggesting the economically attractive process in the near future.

Suggested Citation

  • Zheng, Ji-Lu & Zhu, Ya-Hong & Dong, Yan-Yan & Chen, Yue & Zhu, Ming-Qiang, 2023. "Techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment of industrial production of ammonia via bio-oil conversion," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:280:y:2023:i:c:s0360544223016171
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128223
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    References listed on IDEAS

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