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Energy savings in the nitrogen fertilizer industry in the Netherlands

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  • Worrell, E.
  • Blok, K.

Abstract

We study the specific energy consumption for the production of nitrogen fertilizers and the various options that are available to reduce this consumption. The average energy consumption for ammonia production (by means of steam reforming of natural gas) in 1988 was 33.5 GJ/ton (LHV). The technical energy savings potential for the year 2000 is 16% [the specific energy consumption thus falls to 28.0 GJ/ton (LHV)]. The profitable energy savings potential is a potential saving of 6% with a payback period of less than three years. The thermodynamic minimum energy consumption using the steam reforming route is 19.1 GJ/ton (LHV). We calculate the effect that savings in ammonia production will have on the energy required for the production of several types of N-fertilizers (urea, nitric acid, ammonium nitrate, and CAN).

Suggested Citation

  • Worrell, E. & Blok, K., 1994. "Energy savings in the nitrogen fertilizer industry in the Netherlands," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 19(2), pages 195-209.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:19:y:1994:i:2:p:195-209
    DOI: 10.1016/0360-5442(94)90060-4
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    Cited by:

    1. Sheldon, Seth & Hadian, Saeed & Zik, Ory, 2015. "Beyond carbon: Quantifying environmental externalities as energy for hydroelectric and nuclear power," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 36-44.
    2. Flórez-Orrego, Daniel & de Oliveira Junior, Silvio, 2017. "Modeling and optimization of an industrial ammonia synthesis unit: An exergy approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 234-250.
    3. Flórez-Orrego, Daniel & de Oliveira Junior, Silvio, 2016. "On the efficiency, exergy costs and CO2 emission cost allocation for an integrated syngas and ammonia production plant," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 117(P2), pages 341-360.
    4. Ramírez, C.A. & Worrell, E., 2006. "Feeding fossil fuels to the soil," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 46(1), pages 75-93.
    5. Farla, Jacco & Cuelenaere11, Rob & Blok, Kornelis, 1998. "Energy efficiency and structural change in the Netherlands, 1980-1990," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 20(1), pages 1-28, February.
    6. Phylipsen, G. J. M. & Blok, K. & Worrell, E., 1997. "International comparisons of energy efficiency-Methodologies for the manufacturing industry," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 25(7-9), pages 715-725.
    7. Flórez-Orrego, Daniel & de Oliveira Junior, Silvio, 2017. "Exergy assessment of single and dual pressure industrial ammonia synthesis units," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 2540-2558.
    8. Rafiqul, Islam & Weber, Christoph & Lehmann, Bianca & Voss, Alfred, 2005. "Energy efficiency improvements in ammonia production—perspectives and uncertainties," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 30(13), pages 2487-2504.
    9. Farla, Jacco C.M & Blok, Kornelis, 2000. "The use of physical indicators for the monitoring of energy intensity developments in the Netherlands, 1980–1995," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 25(7), pages 609-638.
    10. Phylipsen, Dian & Blok, Kornelis & Worrell, Ernst & Beer, Jeroen de, 2002. "Benchmarking the energy efficiency of Dutch industry: an assessment of the expected effect on energy consumption and CO2 emissions," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 30(8), pages 663-679, June.

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