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Study on co-liquefaction of Spirulina and Spartina alterniflora in ethanol-water co-solvent for bio-oil

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  • Feng, Huan
  • Zhang, Bo
  • He, Zhixia
  • Wang, Shuang
  • Salih, Osman
  • Wang, Qian

Abstract

Spartina alterniflora of Lignocellulosic biomass is an invasive plant that rapidly grows in China which threatens the local ecological balance. The possibility of co-liquefaction (CL) of Spartina alterniflora with a low-lipid containing microalgae Spirulina in ethanol-water co-solvent (EWCS) for bio-oil production was investigated. The results show that bio-oil productivity was increased to 45.63 wt% with a higher heating value (HHV) of 34 MJ/kg, just because of the positive synergistic effect from CL process. In addition, the synergistic effect of bio-oil production has different performance at different temperatures, ethanol volume fraction or raw material blending ratio. Bio-oils were analyzed by GC-MS and FT-IR, which showed CL of mixed raw material resulted in a significant increase of hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester compared to liquefaction of pure Spirulina or Spartina alterniflora, indicated a good quality of bio-oil produced.

Suggested Citation

  • Feng, Huan & Zhang, Bo & He, Zhixia & Wang, Shuang & Salih, Osman & Wang, Qian, 2018. "Study on co-liquefaction of Spirulina and Spartina alterniflora in ethanol-water co-solvent for bio-oil," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 1093-1101.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:155:y:2018:i:c:p:1093-1101
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.02.146
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    6. Chen, Haitao & He, Zhixia & Zhang, Bo & Feng, Huan & Kandasamy, Sabariswaran & Wang, Bin, 2019. "Effects of the aqueous phase recycling on bio-oil yield in hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina Platensis, α-cellulose, and lignin," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 1103-1113.
    7. Ratha, Sachitra Kumar & Renuka, Nirmal & Abunama, Taher & Rawat, Ismail & Bux, Faizal, 2022. "Hydrothermal liquefaction of algal feedstocks: The effect of biomass characteristics and extraction solvents," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    8. Fang, Jun & Liu, Zhuangzhuang & Luan, Hui & Liu, Fen & Yuan, Xingzhong & Long, Shundong & Wang, Andong & Ma, Yong & Xiao, Zhihua, 2021. "Thermochemical liquefaction of cattle manure using ethanol as solvent: Effects of temperature on bio-oil yields and chemical compositions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 32-41.
    9. Yang, Jie & (Sophia) He, Quan & Yang, Linxi, 2019. "A review on hydrothermal co-liquefaction of biomass," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 926-945.
    10. Zhang, Bo & Chen, Jixiang & Kandasamy, Sabariswaran & He, Zhixia, 2020. "Hydrothermal liquefaction of fresh lemon-peel and Spirulina platensis blending -operation parameter and biocrude chemistry investigation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    11. Hu, Yulin & Gong, Mengyue & Feng, Shanghuan & Xu, Chunbao (Charles) & Bassi, Amarjeet, 2019. "A review of recent developments of pre-treatment technologies and hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae for bio-crude oil production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 476-492.
    12. Yang Han & Kent Hoekman & Umakanta Jena & Probir Das, 2019. "Use of Co-Solvents in Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) of Microalgae," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-23, December.
    13. Chen, Congjin & Zhu, Jingxian & Jia, Shuang & Mi, Shuai & Tong, Zhangfa & Li, Zhixia & Li, Mingfei & Zhang, Yanjuan & Hu, Yuhua & Huang, Zuqiang, 2018. "Effect of ethanol on Mulberry bark hydrothermal liquefaction and bio-oil chemical compositions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 460-475.
    14. Guanyu Zhang & Kejie Wang & Quan Liu & Lujia Han & Xuesong Zhang, 2022. "A Comprehensive Hydrothermal Co-Liquefaction of Diverse Biowastes for Energy-Dense Biocrude Production: Synergistic and Antagonistic Effects," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-17, August.
    15. He, Zhixia & Wang, Bin & Zhang, Bo & Feng, Huan & Kandasamy, Sabariswaran & Chen, Haitao, 2020. "Synergistic effect of hydrothermal Co-liquefaction of Spirulina platensis and Lignin: Optimization of operating parameters by response surface methodology," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).
    16. Wang, Bin & He, Zhixia & Zhang, Bo & Duan, Yibing, 2021. "Study on hydrothermal liquefaction of spirulina platensis using biochar based catalysts to produce bio-oil," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).

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