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Dynamic modelling of local low-temperature heating grids: A case study for Norway

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  • Kauko, Hanne
  • Kvalsvik, Karoline Husevåg
  • Rohde, Daniel
  • Hafner, Armin
  • Nord, Natasa

Abstract

Today's district heating (DH) networks in Norway are 2nd and 3rd generation systems, with supply temperatures ranging from 80 to 120 °C. In new developments, it is desirable to shift to 4th generation, low-temperature district heating (LTHD) in order to reduce the heat losses and enable better utilization of renewable and waste heat sources. A local LTDH grid for a new development planned in Trondheim, Norway, has been modelled in the dynamic simulation program Dymola in order to study the effect of lowered supply temperatures to heat losses and circulation pump energy use. Different scenarios with supply temperatures ranging from 55 to 95 °C, lowered return temperature as well as peak shaving were analyzed. Real DH use data for buildings in Trondheim were employed. The environmental impact in terms of the total produced CO2 equivalent emissions was estimated for each scenario, assuming a heat production mix corresponding to that of the local DH provider. The results showed that by lowering the supply temperature to 55 °C, the heat losses could be reduced by one third. The total pump energy increased significantly with reduced supply temperature, however the pump energy was generally an order of magnitude lower than the heat losses.

Suggested Citation

  • Kauko, Hanne & Kvalsvik, Karoline Husevåg & Rohde, Daniel & Hafner, Armin & Nord, Natasa, 2017. "Dynamic modelling of local low-temperature heating grids: A case study for Norway," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 289-297.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:139:y:2017:i:c:p:289-297
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.07.086
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    Cited by:

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    2. Xiangli Li & Haichao Wang & Xiaozhou Wu & Lin Duanmu & Esa Teppo & Risto Lahdelma & Ji Li & Li Yu, 2020. "Analysis on the Thermal Balance and Operational Parameters for the District Heating System with Peak Load Boilers in Heating Substations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-16, November.
    3. Arabkoohsar, A., 2019. "Non-uniform temperature district heating system with decentralized heat pumps and standalone storage tanks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 931-941.
    4. Hering, Dominik & Cansev, Mehmet Ege & Tamassia, Eugenio & Xhonneux, André & Müller, Dirk, 2021. "Temperature control of a low-temperature district heating network with Model Predictive Control and Mixed-Integer Quadratically Constrained Programming," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    5. Hanne Kauko & Daniel Rohde & Armin Hafner, 2020. "Local Heating Networks with Waste Heat Utilization: Low or Medium Temperature Supply?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-16, February.
    6. Kauko, Hanne & Kvalsvik, Karoline Husevåg & Rohde, Daniel & Nord, Natasa & Utne, Åmund, 2018. "Dynamic modeling of local district heating grids with prosumers: A case study for Norway," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 261-271.
    7. Welsch, Bastian & Göllner-Völker, Laura & Schulte, Daniel O. & Bär, Kristian & Sass, Ingo & Schebek, Liselotte, 2018. "Environmental and economic assessment of borehole thermal energy storage in district heating systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C), pages 73-90.
    8. Egging-Bratseth, Ruud & Kauko, Hanne & Knudsen, Brage Rugstad & Bakke, Sara Angell & Ettayebi, Amina & Haufe, Ina Renate, 2021. "Seasonal storage and demand side management in district heating systems with demand uncertainty," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    9. Damir Požgaj & Branimir Pavković & Boris Delač & Vladimir Glažar, 2023. "Retrofitting of the District Heating System Based on the Application of Heat Pumps Operating with Natural Refrigerants," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-28, February.
    10. Lund, Henrik & Duic, Neven & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2018. "Future district heating systems and technologies: On the role of smart energy systems and 4th generation district heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PA), pages 614-619.

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