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Insights on women’s labor participation in Gulf Cooperation Council countries

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  • Murray, Janet Y.
  • Zhang-Zhang, Yingying

Abstract

In analyzing the many stereotypes surrounding Arab Middle Eastern women’s employment issues, this article focuses on women’s labor participation and their career development in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. We first unpack the stereotypes by demonstrating the progress of women’s labor participation in the region. We then uncover the critical challenges of a high female unemployment rate during GCC countries’ economic transformation in the non-oil sectors. We discuss the factors contributing to low women’s labor participation and the difficulty of career advancement for women, including (1) norms and traditions; (2) job opportunities and workplace discrimination; and (3) role models, mentors, and networking. Finally, we provide recommendations on how to improve women’s labor participation by involving the public and private sectors, deploying technology, and engaging in multilevel mindset change.

Suggested Citation

  • Murray, Janet Y. & Zhang-Zhang, Yingying, 2018. "Insights on women’s labor participation in Gulf Cooperation Council countries," Business Horizons, Elsevier, vol. 61(5), pages 711-720.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:bushor:v:61:y:2018:i:5:p:711-720
    DOI: 10.1016/j.bushor.2018.04.006
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rajagopal, 2014. "The Human Factors," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Architecting Enterprise, chapter 9, pages 225-249, Palgrave Macmillan.
    2. Kathleen Dechant & Asya Al Lamky, 2005. "Toward An Understanding Of Arab Women Entrepreneurs In Bahrain And Oman," Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship (JDE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 10(02), pages 123-140.
    3. Edward Nissan & Farhang Niroomand, 2015. "Economic, welfare, demographic, and gender inequalities among selected Arab countries," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 39(2), pages 396-411, April.
    4. Hayfaa Tlaiss, 2015. "How Islamic Business Ethics Impact Women Entrepreneurs: Insights from Four Arab Middle Eastern Countries," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 129(4), pages 859-877, July.
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    2. Muneera Al-Qahtani & Mariem Fekih Zguir & Ibrahim Ari & Muammer Koç, 2022. "Female Entrepreneurship for Sustainable Economy and Development—Challenges, Drivers, and Suggested Policies for Resource-Rich Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-39, October.
    3. Jamali, Dima & Jain, Tanusree & Samara, Georges & Zoghbi, Edwina, 2020. "How institutions affect CSR practices in the Middle East and North Africa: A critical review," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 55(5).
    4. Btool H. Mohamed & Ibrahim Ari & Mohammed bin Saleh Al-Sada & Muammer Koç, 2021. "Strategizing Human Development for a Country in Transition from a Resource-Based to a Knowledge-Based Economy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-27, December.

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