IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v233-234y2019ip114-125.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Modelling development and analysis on the Balanced Energy Networks (BEN) in London

Author

Listed:
  • Song, William Hasung
  • Wang, Yang
  • Gillich, Aaron
  • Ford, Andy
  • Hewitt, Mark

Abstract

In the UK up to 40% of total final energy use is accounted for by the heating and hot water systems, which makes up 20% of greenhouse gas emissions. One path to low carbon heating is to electrify heat, and then meet the electricity demand via a smarter grid. This article presents a novel approach to electrifying heat based on a balanced energy network (BEN) system located at the London South Bank University (LSBU) campus. The BEN system includes borehole thermal storage, an ambient temperature heat network (heat transmission and distribution), water source heat pumps, smart hot water storage, and demand side response (DSR) service. Its thermal and electrical energy performances were mainly investigated. A novel energy performance index (TSE: total system efficiency) was also proposed and applied in assessing the performances. Several key findings were achieved as follows: (1) The TSE varied from 1.4 to 2.2 in one of the coldest months of the year, indicating a great improvement on energy efficiency. (2) The ICAX high-temperature heat pumps in BEN operate with a higher COP fluctuating between 3.1 and 3.2 with a Carnot efficiency of 0.5. (3) With an acceptable level of thermal comfort, the BEN system can reduce CO2 emissions up to 3.62 t for two weeks. (4) Corresponding with the initial design setting, 70 °C has been proved as the optimal operating output temperature of heat pump.

Suggested Citation

  • Song, William Hasung & Wang, Yang & Gillich, Aaron & Ford, Andy & Hewitt, Mark, 2019. "Modelling development and analysis on the Balanced Energy Networks (BEN) in London," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233, pages 114-125.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:233-234:y:2019:i::p:114-125
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.10.054
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261918316143
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.10.054?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Beck, T. & Kondziella, H. & Huard, G. & Bruckner, T., 2017. "Optimal operation, configuration and sizing of generation and storage technologies for residential heat pump systems in the spotlight of self-consumption of photovoltaic electricity," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 604-619.
    2. Falke, Tobias & Krengel, Stefan & Meinerzhagen, Ann-Kathrin & Schnettler, Armin, 2016. "Multi-objective optimization and simulation model for the design of distributed energy systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 1508-1516.
    3. Jing, Z.X. & Jiang, X.S. & Wu, Q.H. & Tang, W.H. & Hua, B., 2014. "Modelling and optimal operation of a small-scale integrated energy based district heating and cooling system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 399-415.
    4. Gruber, J.K. & Huerta, F. & Matatagui, P. & Prodanović, M., 2015. "Advanced building energy management based on a two-stage receding horizon optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 194-205.
    5. Morvaj, Boran & Evins, Ralph & Carmeliet, Jan, 2016. "Optimization framework for distributed energy systems with integrated electrical grid constraints," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 296-313.
    6. Wang, Yang & Shukla, Ashish & Liu, Shuli, 2017. "A state of art review on methodologies for heat transfer and energy flow characteristics of the active building envelopes," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 1102-1116.
    7. Arcos-Aviles, Diego & Pascual, Julio & Guinjoan, Francesc & Marroyo, Luis & Sanchis, Pablo & Marietta, Martin P., 2017. "Low complexity energy management strategy for grid profile smoothing of a residential grid-connected microgrid using generation and demand forecasting," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 69-84.
    8. Rongxiang Yuan & Jun Ye & Jiazhi Lei & Timing Li, 2016. "Integrated Combined Heat and Power System Dispatch Considering Electrical and Thermal Energy Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-17, June.
    9. Wichert, B. & Dymond, M. & Lawrance, W. & Friese, T., 2001. "Development of a test facility for photovoltaic-diesel hybrid energy systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 311-319.
    10. Ayele, Getnet Tadesse & Haurant, Pierrick & Laumert, Björn & Lacarrière, Bruno, 2018. "An extended energy hub approach for load flow analysis of highly coupled district energy networks: Illustration with electricity and heating," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 850-867.
    11. Grünewald, Philipp & Torriti, Jacopo, 2013. "Demand response from the non-domestic sector: Early UK experiences and future opportunities," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 423-429.
    12. Morvaj, Boran & Evins, Ralph & Carmeliet, Jan, 2016. "Optimising urban energy systems: Simultaneous system sizing, operation and district heating network layout," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(P1), pages 619-636.
    13. Pan, Zhaoguang & Guo, Qinglai & Sun, Hongbin, 2017. "Feasible region method based integrated heat and electricity dispatch considering building thermal inertia," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 395-407.
    14. Pan, Zhaoguang & Guo, Qinglai & Sun, Hongbin, 2016. "Interactions of district electricity and heating systems considering time-scale characteristics based on quasi-steady multi-energy flow," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 230-243.
    15. Carpaneto, E. & Lazzeroni, P. & Repetto, M., 2015. "Optimal integration of solar energy in a district heating network," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 714-721.
    16. Vesterlund, Mattias & Toffolo, Andrea & Dahl, Jan, 2017. "Optimization of multi-source complex district heating network, a case study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 53-63.
    17. Ma, Hongting & Li, Cong & Lu, Wenqian & Zhang, Zeyu & Yu, Shaojie & Du, Na, 2017. "Investigation on a solar-groundwater heat pump unit associated with radiant floor heating," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 972-977.
    18. Jiang, X.S. & Jing, Z.X. & Li, Y.Z. & Wu, Q.H. & Tang, W.H., 2014. "Modelling and operation optimization of an integrated energy based direct district water-heating system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 375-388.
    19. Wang, Yang & Kuckelkorn, Jens & Zhao, Fu-Yun & Spliethoff, Hartmut & Lang, Werner, 2017. "A state of art of review on interactions between energy performance and indoor environment quality in Passive House buildings," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 1303-1319.
    20. Zheng, J.H. & Chen, J.J. & Wu, Q.H. & Jing, Z.X., 2015. "Multi-objective optimization and decision making for power dispatch of a large-scale integrated energy system with distributed DHCs embedded," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 369-379.
    21. Sartor, K. & Dewalef, P., 2017. "Experimental validation of heat transport modelling in district heating networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 961-968.
    22. Liu, Xuezhi & Mancarella, Pierluigi, 2016. "Modelling, assessment and Sankey diagrams of integrated electricity-heat-gas networks in multi-vector district energy systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 336-352.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Wang, Yang & Zhang, Shanhong & Chow, David & Kuckelkorn, Jens M., 2021. "Evaluation and optimization of district energy network performance: Present and future," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    2. Wirtz, Marco, 2023. "nPro: A web-based planning tool for designing district energy systems and thermal networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    3. Werner, Sven, 2022. "Network configurations for implemented low-temperature district heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PB).
    4. Meibodi, Saleh S. & Loveridge, Fleur, 2022. "The future role of energy geostructures in fifth generation district heating and cooling networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 240(C).
    5. Abdelsalam, Mohamed Y. & Friedrich, Kelton & Mohamed, Saber & Chebeir, Jorge & Lakhian, Vickram & Sullivan, Brendan & Abdalla, Ahmed & Van Ryn, Jessica & Girard, Jeffrey & Lightstone, Marilyn F. & Buc, 2023. "Integrated community energy and harvesting systems: A climate action strategy for cold climates," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 346(C).
    6. Wirtz, Marco & Neumaier, Lisa & Remmen, Peter & Müller, Dirk, 2021. "Temperature control in 5th generation district heating and cooling networks: An MILP-based operation optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    7. Wang, Yang & Gillich, Aaron & LU, Daisy & Saber, Esmail Mahmoudi & Yebiyo, Metkel & Kang, Ren & Ford, Andy & Hewitt, Mark, 2021. "Performance prediction and evaluation on the first balanced energy networks (BEN) part I: BEN and building internal factors," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
    8. Gillich, Aaron & Godefroy, Julie & Ford, Andy & Hewitt, Mark & L'Hostis, Jonathan, 2022. "Performance analysis for the UK's first 5th generation heat network – The BEN case study at LSBU," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    9. Millar, Michael-Allan & Yu, Zhibin & Burnside, Neil & Jones, Greg & Elrick, Bruce, 2021. "Identification of key performance indicators and complimentary load profiles for 5th generation district energy networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 291(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Wang, Yang & Zhang, Shanhong & Chow, David & Kuckelkorn, Jens M., 2021. "Evaluation and optimization of district energy network performance: Present and future," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    2. Zhang, Menglin & Wu, Qiuwei & Wen, Jinyu & Lin, Zhongwei & Fang, Fang & Chen, Qun, 2021. "Optimal operation of integrated electricity and heat system: A review of modeling and solution methods," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    3. Huang, Jinbo & Li, Zhigang & Wu, Q.H., 2017. "Coordinated dispatch of electric power and district heating networks: A decentralized solution using optimality condition decomposition," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 1508-1522.
    4. Qin, Xin & Sun, Hongbin & Shen, Xinwei & Guo, Ye & Guo, Qinglai & Xia, Tian, 2019. "A generalized quasi-dynamic model for electric-heat coupling integrated energy system with distributed energy resources," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C), pages 1-1.
    5. Ping Li & Haixia Wang & Quan Lv & Weidong Li, 2017. "Combined Heat and Power Dispatch Considering Heat Storage of Both Buildings and Pipelines in District Heating System for Wind Power Integration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-19, June.
    6. Wang, Yang & Gillich, Aaron & LU, Daisy & Saber, Esmail Mahmoudi & Yebiyo, Metkel & Kang, Ren & Ford, Andy & Hewitt, Mark, 2021. "Performance prediction and evaluation on the first balanced energy networks (BEN) part I: BEN and building internal factors," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
    7. Wang, Lixiao & Jing, Z.X. & Zheng, J.H. & Wu, Q.H. & Wei, Feng, 2018. "Decentralized optimization of coordinated electrical and thermal generations in hierarchical integrated energy systems considering competitive individuals," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 607-622.
    8. Zhang, Suhan & Gu, Wei & Lu, Hai & Qiu, Haifeng & Lu, Shuai & Wang, Dada & Liang, Junyu & Li, Wenyun, 2021. "Superposition-principle based decoupling method for energy flow calculation in district heating networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 295(C).
    9. Pan, Zhenning & Yu, Tao & Li, Jie & Qu, Kaiping & Yang, Bo, 2020. "Risk-averse real-time dispatch of integrated electricity and heat system using a modified approximate dynamic programming approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).
    10. Pan, Zhaoguang & Guo, Qinglai & Sun, Hongbin, 2017. "Feasible region method based integrated heat and electricity dispatch considering building thermal inertia," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 395-407.
    11. Li, Xue & Li, Wenming & Zhang, Rufeng & Jiang, Tao & Chen, Houhe & Li, Guoqing, 2020. "Collaborative scheduling and flexibility assessment of integrated electricity and district heating systems utilizing thermal inertia of district heating network and aggregated buildings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    12. Klemm, Christian & Vennemann, Peter, 2021. "Modeling and optimization of multi-energy systems in mixed-use districts: A review of existing methods and approaches," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    13. Liu, Xuezhi & Yan, Zheng & Wu, Jianzhong, 2019. "Optimal coordinated operation of a multi-energy community considering interactions between energy storage and conversion devices," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C), pages 256-273.
    14. Schweiger, Gerald & Larsson, Per-Ola & Magnusson, Fredrik & Lauenburg, Patrick & Velut, Stéphane, 2017. "District heating and cooling systems – Framework for Modelica-based simulation and dynamic optimization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 566-578.
    15. Sang Hwa Song & Taesu Cheong, 2018. "Pattern-Based Set Partitioning Algorithm for the Integrated Sustainable Operation of a District Heating Network," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-15, August.
    16. Li, Peng & Li, Shuang & Yu, Hao & Yan, Jinyue & Ji, Haoran & Wu, Jianzhong & Wang, Chengshan, 2022. "Quantized event-driven simulation for integrated energy systems with hybrid continuous-discrete dynamics," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    17. Zheng, Jinfu & Zhou, Zhigang & Zhao, Jianing & Wang, Jinda, 2018. "Effects of the operation regulation modes of district heating system on an integrated heat and power dispatch system for wind power integration," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C), pages 1126-1139.
    18. Sameti, Mohammad & Haghighat, Fariborz, 2018. "Integration of distributed energy storage into net-zero energy district systems: Optimum design and operation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 575-591.
    19. Chen, Yuwei & Guo, Qinglai & Sun, Hongbin & Li, Zhengshuo & Pan, Zhaoguang & Wu, Wenchuan, 2019. "A water mass method and its application to integrated heat and electricity dispatch considering thermal inertias," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 840-852.
    20. Wang, L.X. & Zheng, J.H. & Li, M.S. & Lin, X. & Jing, Z.X. & Wu, P.Z. & Wu, Q.H. & Zhou, X.X., 2019. "Multi-time scale dynamic analysis of integrated energy systems: An individual-based model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(C), pages 848-861.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:233-234:y:2019:i::p:114-125. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.