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Energy planning of sustainable districts: Towards the exploitation of small size intermittent renewables in urban areas

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  • Bracco, Stefano
  • Delfino, Federico
  • Ferro, Giulio
  • Pagnini, Luisa
  • Robba, Michela
  • Rossi, Mansueto

Abstract

An optimization model is formalized for the energy planning of urban districts equipped with renewable energy power plants (photovoltaic fields and wind micro-turbines), combined heat and power units, and traditional boilers; districts are connected to the public distribution grid. The main decision variables of the model are the number and typology of wind turbines and cogeneration plants, the size of photovoltaic fields and the power exchange with the public grid. The optimal values of the variables come from the minimization of installation, maintenance and operational costs, and satisfy load and technical constraints. The model is applied to three districts in the Savona Municipality that represent pilot sites of an extended project concerning the planning and management of smart urban areas. The analysis of different scenarios allows evaluating the role of uncertainties of renewable sources over the optimal solution of the planning problem.

Suggested Citation

  • Bracco, Stefano & Delfino, Federico & Ferro, Giulio & Pagnini, Luisa & Robba, Michela & Rossi, Mansueto, 2018. "Energy planning of sustainable districts: Towards the exploitation of small size intermittent renewables in urban areas," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 2288-2297.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:228:y:2018:i:c:p:2288-2297
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.07.074
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    5. Federico Delfino & Paola Laiolo & Federico Delfino, 2019. "Living Labs and Partnerships for Progress-How Universities can Drive the Process towards the Sustainable City," International Journal of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources, Juniper Publishers Inc., vol. 18(2), pages 71-73, April.
    6. Lowitzsch, J. & Hoicka, C.E. & van Tulder, F.J., 2020. "Renewable energy communities under the 2019 European Clean Energy Package – Governance model for the energy clusters of the future?," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
    7. Giovanni Bianco & Barbara Bonvini & Stefano Bracco & Federico Delfino & Paola Laiolo & Giorgio Piazza, 2021. "Key Performance Indicators for an Energy Community Based on Sustainable Technologies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-14, August.
    8. Stefano Bracco & Federico Delfino & Paola Laiolo & Andrea Morini, 2018. "Planning & Open-Air Demonstrating Smart City Sustainable Districts," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-14, December.
    9. Beriro, Darren & Nathanail, Judith & Salazar, Juan & Kingdon, Andrew & Marchant, Andrew & Richardson, Steve & Gillet, Andy & Rautenberg, Svea & Hammond, Ellis & Beardmore, John & Moore, Terry & Angus,, 2022. "A decision support system to assess the feasibility of onshore renewable energy infrastructure," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    10. Angelo Algieri & Pietropaolo Morrone & Sergio Bova, 2020. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Biofuel, Solar and Wind Multi-Source Small-Scale CHP Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-21, June.
    11. Ihsan, Abbas & Brear, Michael J. & Jeppesen, Matthew, 2021. "Impact of operating uncertainty on the performance of distributed, hybrid, renewable power plants," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(PB).
    12. Davoudabadi, Reza & Mousavi, Seyed Meysam & Mohagheghi, Vahid, 2021. "A new decision model based on DEA and simulation to evaluate renewable energy projects under interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy uncertainty," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 1588-1601.
    13. Àlex Alonso-Travesset & Helena Martín & Sergio Coronas & Jordi de la Hoz, 2022. "Optimization Models under Uncertainty in Distributed Generation Systems: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-40, March.
    14. Thomas Märzinger & Doris Österreicher, 2020. "Extending the Application of the Smart Readiness Indicator—A Methodology for the Quantitative Assessment of the Load Shifting Potential of Smart Districts," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-24, July.
    15. Stefano Bracco, 2020. "A Study for the Optimal Exploitation of Solar, Wind and Hydro Resources and Electrical Storage Systems in the Bormida Valley in the North of Italy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-26, October.
    16. Pickering, Bryn & Choudhary, Ruchi, 2021. "Quantifying resilience in energy systems with out-of-sample testing," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    17. Gong, Yu & Liu, Pan & Ming, Bo & Li, Dingfang, 2021. "Identifying the effect of forecast uncertainties on hybrid power system operation: A case study of Longyangxia hydro–photovoltaic plant in China," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 1303-1321.
    18. Bracco, Stefano & Bianchi, Enrico & Bianco, Giovanni & Giacchino, Alessandro & Ramaglia, Alessandro & Delfino, Federico, 2022. "On the participation of small-scale high performance combined heat and power plants to the Italian ancillary services market within Virtually Aggregated Mixed Units," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PE).

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