IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v201y2017icp419-432.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Supply-based feedback control strategy of air-conditioning systems for direct load control of buildings responding to urgent requests of smart grids

Author

Listed:
  • Wang, Shengwei
  • Tang, Rui

Abstract

Power demand response (DR) of buildings is considered as one of most promising solutions to power imbalance and reliability issues in smart grids while demand response control of air-conditioning systems is a most effective means. A fast demand response control strategy, direct load control by shutting down part of operating chillers, has received great attention in recent DR researches and applications. This method, however, would lead to uneven indoor air temperature rises among individual air-conditioned spaces due to the failure of proper distribution of limited cooling supply by the conventional demand-based feedback control strategy commonly used today. A novel supply-based feedback control strategy is therefore proposed to effectively solve the problems caused by the fast demand response and power limiting control strategy. This proposed strategy employs global and local cooling distributors based on adaptive utility function to reset the set-points of chilled water flow and air flow for each zone and space online. Simplified offline and online identification methods, for the two parameters respectively, ensure the convenience and robustness of the adaptive utility function in applications. Case studies are conducted on a simulated air-conditioning system to test and validate the proposed control strategy. Results show that the proposed control strategy is capable not only to maintain even indoor air temperature rises, but also to avoid the operation problems during DR events. Moreover, rather high indoor relative humidity is obviously decreased. The power rebound phenomenon is also relieved and the original comfort control of spaces can be resumed much quickly.

Suggested Citation

  • Wang, Shengwei & Tang, Rui, 2017. "Supply-based feedback control strategy of air-conditioning systems for direct load control of buildings responding to urgent requests of smart grids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(C), pages 419-432.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:201:y:2017:i:c:p:419-432
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.10.067
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261916315070
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.10.067?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Xue, Xue & Wang, Shengwei & Yan, Chengchu & Cui, Borui, 2015. "A fast chiller power demand response control strategy for buildings connected to smart grid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 77-87.
    2. Cui, Borui & Gao, Dian-ce & Wang, Shengwei & Xue, Xue, 2015. "Effectiveness and life-cycle cost-benefit analysis of active cold storages for building demand management for smart grid applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 523-535.
    3. Tyagi, V.V. & Kaushik, S.C. & Tyagi, S.K. & Akiyama, T., 2011. "Development of phase change materials based microencapsulated technology for buildings: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(2), pages 1373-1391, February.
    4. O׳Connell, Niamh & Pinson, Pierre & Madsen, Henrik & O׳Malley, Mark, 2014. "Benefits and challenges of electrical demand response: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 686-699.
    5. Herter, Karen & McAuliffe, Patrick & Rosenfeld, Arthur, 2007. "An exploratory analysis of California residential customer response to critical peak pricing of electricity," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(1), pages 25-34.
    6. Kuznik, Frédéric & David, Damien & Johannes, Kevyn & Roux, Jean-Jacques, 2011. "A review on phase change materials integrated in building walls," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(1), pages 379-391, January.
    7. Yuan, Jiahai & Hu, Zhaoguang, 2011. "Low carbon electricity development in China--An IRSP perspective based on Super Smart Grid," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(6), pages 2707-2713, August.
    8. Kirby, Brendan & Kueck, John & Laughner, Theo & Morris, Keith, 2008. "Spinning Reserve from Hotel Load Response," The Electricity Journal, Elsevier, vol. 21(10), pages 59-66, December.
    9. Xue, Xue & Wang, Shengwei & Sun, Yongjun & Xiao, Fu, 2014. "An interactive building power demand management strategy for facilitating smart grid optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 297-310.
    10. Sharma, Atul & Tyagi, V.V. & Chen, C.R. & Buddhi, D., 2009. "Review on thermal energy storage with phase change materials and applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(2), pages 318-345, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Tang, Rui & Li, Hangxin & Wang, Shengwei, 2019. "A game theory-based decentralized control strategy for power demand management of building cluster using thermal mass and energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 809-820.
    2. Wang, Huilong & Wang, Shengwei & Tang, Rui, 2019. "Development of grid-responsive buildings: Opportunities, challenges, capabilities and applications of HVAC systems in non-residential buildings in providing ancillary services by fast demand responses," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 697-712.
    3. Xiaolin Chu & Yuntian Ge & Xue Zhou & Lin Li & Dong Yang, 2020. "Modeling and Analysis of Electric Vehicle-Power Grid-Manufacturing Facility (EPM) Energy Sharing System under Time-of-Use Electricity Tariff," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-27, June.
    4. Song, Chunhe & Jing, Wei & Zeng, Peng & Yu, Haibin & Rosenberg, Catherine, 2018. "Energy consumption analysis of residential swimming pools for peak load shaving," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C), pages 176-191.
    5. Tang, Hong & Wang, Shengwei & Li, Hangxin, 2021. "Flexibility categorization, sources, capabilities and technologies for energy-flexible and grid-responsive buildings: State-of-the-art and future perspective," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C).
    6. Kang, Jing & Wang, Shengwei, 2018. "Robust optimal design of distributed energy systems based on life-cycle performance analysis using a probabilistic approach considering uncertainties of design inputs and equipment degradations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C), pages 615-627.
    7. Lim, Dae Kyu & Ahn, Byoung Ha & Jeong, Ji Hwan, 2018. "Method to control an air conditioner by directly measuring the relative humidity of indoor air to improve the comfort and energy efficiency," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(C), pages 290-299.
    8. Rama Curiel, José Adrián & Thakur, Jagruti, 2022. "A novel approach for Direct Load Control of residential air conditioners for Demand Side Management in developing regions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    9. Yang, Hongxing & Shi, Wenchao & Chen, Yi & Min, Yunran, 2021. "Research development of indirect evaporative cooling technology: An updated review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    10. Ran, Fengming & Gao, Dian-ce & Zhang, Xu & Chen, Shuyue, 2020. "A virtual sensor based self-adjusting control for HVAC fast demand response in commercial buildings towards smart grid applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    11. Lamnatou, Chr. & Chemisana, D. & Cristofari, C., 2022. "Smart grids and smart technologies in relation to photovoltaics, storage systems, buildings and the environment," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 1376-1391.
    12. Shazia Noor & Hadeed Ashraf & Muhammad Sultan & Zahid Mahmood Khan, 2020. "Evaporative Cooling Options for Building Air-Conditioning: A Comprehensive Study for Climatic Conditions of Multan (Pakistan)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-23, June.
    13. Wang, Huilong & Wang, Shengwei, 2021. "A disturbance compensation enhanced control strategy of HVAC systems for improved building indoor environment control when providing power grid frequency regulation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 1330-1342.
    14. Fu, Yangyang & O'Neill, Zheng & Wen, Jin & Pertzborn, Amanda & Bushby, Steven T., 2022. "Utilizing commercial heating, ventilating, and air conditioning systems to provide grid services: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    15. Tang, Rui & Wang, Shengwei & Shan, Kui & Cheung, Howard, 2018. "Optimal control strategy of central air-conditioning systems of buildings at morning start period for enhanced energy efficiency and peak demand limiting," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 771-781.
    16. Tang, Rui & Wang, Shengwei & Li, Hangxin, 2019. "Game theory based interactive demand side management responding to dynamic pricing in price-based demand response of smart grids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 118-130.
    17. Tang, Rui & Wang, Shengwei, 2019. "Model predictive control for thermal energy storage and thermal comfort optimization of building demand response in smart grids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 873-882.
    18. Jing Zhao & Yu Shan, 2020. "A Fuzzy Control Strategy Using the Load Forecast for Air Conditioning System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-17, January.
    19. Tina, Giuseppe Marco & Aneli, Stefano & Gagliano, Antonio, 2022. "Technical and economic analysis of the provision of ancillary services through the flexibility of HVAC system in shopping centers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    20. Zhou, Yuekuan & Cao, Sunliang & Hensen, Jan L.M. & Lund, Peter D., 2019. "Energy integration and interaction between buildings and vehicles: A state-of-the-art review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 1-1.
    21. Chu, Wenfeng & Zhang, Yu & He, Wei & Zhang, Sheng & Hu, Zhongting & Ru, Bingqian & Ying, Shangxuan, 2023. "Research on flexible allocation strategy of power grid interactive buildings based on multiple optimization objectives," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(PB).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Tang, Rui & Wang, Shengwei, 2019. "Model predictive control for thermal energy storage and thermal comfort optimization of building demand response in smart grids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 873-882.
    2. Ye, Hong & Long, Linshuang & Zhang, Haitao & Zou, Ruqiang, 2014. "The performance evaluation of shape-stabilized phase change materials in building applications using energy saving index," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1118-1126.
    3. Giro-Paloma, Jessica & Barreneche, Camila & Martínez, Mònica & Šumiga, Boštjan & Fernández, Ana Inés & Cabeza, Luisa F., 2016. "Mechanical response evaluation of microcapsules from different slurries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 732-739.
    4. Ran, Fengming & Gao, Dian-ce & Zhang, Xu & Chen, Shuyue, 2020. "A virtual sensor based self-adjusting control for HVAC fast demand response in commercial buildings towards smart grid applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    5. Tang, Rui & Wang, Shengwei & Li, Hangxin, 2019. "Game theory based interactive demand side management responding to dynamic pricing in price-based demand response of smart grids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 118-130.
    6. Amaral, C. & Vicente, R. & Marques, P.A.A.P. & Barros-Timmons, A., 2017. "Phase change materials and carbon nanostructures for thermal energy storage: A literature review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1212-1228.
    7. Salunkhe, Pramod B. & Shembekar, Prashant S., 2012. "A review on effect of phase change material encapsulation on the thermal performance of a system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(8), pages 5603-5616.
    8. Anisur, M.R. & Mahfuz, M.H. & Kibria, M.A. & Saidur, R. & Metselaar, I.H.S.C. & Mahlia, T.M.I., 2013. "Curbing global warming with phase change materials for energy storage," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 18(C), pages 23-30.
    9. Giro-Paloma, Jessica & Martínez, Mònica & Cabeza, Luisa F. & Fernández, A. Inés, 2016. "Types, methods, techniques, and applications for microencapsulated phase change materials (MPCM): A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 1059-1075.
    10. Wang, Huilong & Wang, Shengwei & Tang, Rui, 2019. "Development of grid-responsive buildings: Opportunities, challenges, capabilities and applications of HVAC systems in non-residential buildings in providing ancillary services by fast demand responses," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 697-712.
    11. Silva, Tiago & Vicente, Romeu & Rodrigues, Fernanda, 2016. "Literature review on the use of phase change materials in glazing and shading solutions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 515-535.
    12. Soares, N. & Bastos, J. & Pereira, L. Dias & Soares, A. & Amaral, A.R. & Asadi, E. & Rodrigues, E. & Lamas, F.B. & Monteiro, H. & Lopes, M.A.R. & Gaspar, A.R., 2017. "A review on current advances in the energy and environmental performance of buildings towards a more sustainable built environment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 845-860.
    13. da Fonseca, André L.A. & Chvatal, Karin M.S. & Fernandes, Ricardo A.S., 2021. "Thermal comfort maintenance in demand response programs: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    14. Tang, Hong & Wang, Shengwei & Li, Hangxin, 2021. "Flexibility categorization, sources, capabilities and technologies for energy-flexible and grid-responsive buildings: State-of-the-art and future perspective," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C).
    15. Memon, Shazim Ali, 2014. "Phase change materials integrated in building walls: A state of the art review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 870-906.
    16. Rao, Zhonghao & Wang, Shuangfeng & Zhang, Zhengguo, 2012. "Energy saving latent heat storage and environmental friendly humidity-controlled materials for indoor climate," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 3136-3145.
    17. Ge, Haoshan & Li, Haiyan & Mei, Shengfu & Liu, Jing, 2013. "Low melting point liquid metal as a new class of phase change material: An emerging frontier in energy area," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 21(C), pages 331-346.
    18. Silva, Tiago & Vicente, Romeu & Amaral, Cláudia & Figueiredo, António, 2016. "Thermal performance of a window shutter containing PCM: Numerical validation and experimental analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 64-84.
    19. Soares, N. & Gaspar, A.R. & Santos, P. & Costa, J.J., 2015. "Experimental study of the heat transfer through a vertical stack of rectangular cavities filled with phase change materials," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 192-205.
    20. Chandel, S.S. & Agarwal, Tanya, 2017. "Review of current state of research on energy storage, toxicity, health hazards and commercialization of phase changing materials," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 581-596.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:201:y:2017:i:c:p:419-432. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.