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Fuel cell cars in a microgrid for synergies between hydrogen and electricity networks

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  • Alavi, Farid
  • Park Lee, Esther
  • van de Wouw, Nathan
  • De Schutter, Bart
  • Lukszo, Zofia

Abstract

Fuel cell electric vehicles convert chemical energy of hydrogen into electricity to power their motor. Since cars are used for transport only during a small part of the time, energy stored in the on-board hydrogen tanks of fuel cell vehicles can be used to provide power when cars are parked. In this paper, we present a community microgrid with photovoltaic systems, wind turbines, and fuel cell electric vehicles that are used to provide vehicle-to-grid power when renewable power generation is scarce. Excess renewable power generation is used to produce hydrogen, which is stored in a refilling station. A central control system is designed to operate the system in such a way that the operational costs are minimized. To this end, a hybrid model for the system is derived, in which both the characteristics of the fuel cell vehicles and their traveling schedules are considered. The operational costs of the system are formulated considering the presence of uncertainty in the prediction of the load and renewable energy generation. A robust min-max model predictive control scheme is developed and finally, a case study illustrates the performance of the designed system.

Suggested Citation

  • Alavi, Farid & Park Lee, Esther & van de Wouw, Nathan & De Schutter, Bart & Lukszo, Zofia, 2017. "Fuel cell cars in a microgrid for synergies between hydrogen and electricity networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 296-304.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:192:y:2017:i:c:p:296-304
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.10.084
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    9. Kurnia, Jundika C. & Sasmito, Agus P. & Shamim, Tariq, 2017. "Performance evaluation of a PEM fuel cell stack with variable inlet flows under simulated driving cycle conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 751-764.
    10. O’Dwyer, Edward & Pan, Indranil & Acha, Salvador & Shah, Nilay, 2019. "Smart energy systems for sustainable smart cities: Current developments, trends and future directions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(C), pages 581-597.
    11. Esther H. Park Lee & Zofia Lukszo & Paulien Herder, 2018. "Conceptualization of Vehicle-to-Grid Contract Types and Their Formalization in Agent-Based Models," Complexity, Hindawi, vol. 2018, pages 1-11, March.
    12. Meena, Nand K. & Yang, Jin & Zacharis, Evan, 2019. "Optimisation framework for the design and operation of open-market urban and remote community microgrids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C), pages 1-1.
    13. He, Yingdong & Zhou, Yuekuan & Liu, Jia & Liu, Zhengxuan & Zhang, Guoqiang, 2022. "An inter-city energy migration framework for regional energy balance through daily commuting fuel-cell vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 324(C).
    14. Darowicki, K. & Gawel, L. & Mielniczek, M. & Zielinski, A. & Janicka, E. & Hunger, J. & Jorissen, L., 2020. "The impedance of hydrogen oxidation reaction in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell in the presence of carbon monoxide in hydrogen stream," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    15. Zhu, Dafeng & Yang, Bo & Liu, Qi & Ma, Kai & Zhu, Shanying & Ma, Chengbin & Guan, Xinping, 2020. "Energy trading in microgrids for synergies among electricity, hydrogen and heat networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).
    16. Alexandros Arsalis & George E. Georghiou & Panos Papanastasiou, 2022. "Recent Research Progress in Hybrid Photovoltaic–Regenerative Hydrogen Fuel Cell Microgrid Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-24, May.
    17. Grüger, Fabian & Dylewski, Lucy & Robinius, Martin & Stolten, Detlef, 2018. "Carsharing with fuel cell vehicles: Sizing hydrogen refueling stations based on refueling behavior," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 1540-1549.
    18. Tostado-Véliz, Marcos & Rezaee Jordehi, Ahmad & Fernández-Lobato, Lázuli & Jurado, Francisco, 2023. "Robust energy management in isolated microgrids with hydrogen storage and demand response," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 345(C).
    19. Pastore, Lorenzo Mario & Lo Basso, Gianluigi & Ricciardi, Guido & de Santoli, Livio, 2023. "Smart energy systems for renewable energy communities: A comparative analysis of power-to-X strategies for improving energy self-consumption," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).

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