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Non-catalytic upgrading of fast pyrolysis bio-oil in supercritical ethanol and combustion behavior of the upgraded oil

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  • Prajitno, Hermawan
  • Insyani, Rizki
  • Park, Jongkeun
  • Ryu, Changkook
  • Kim, Jaehoon

Abstract

Fast pyrolysis bio-oil derived from empty palm fruit bunch was upgraded in supercritical ethanol (scEtOH) without using external catalysts and molecular hydrogen. The effects of the reaction temperature and time on the product yield and the quality of the upgraded oil based on parameters like the elemental content, total acid number (TAN), water content, high heating value (HHV), and viscosity were examined. At 400°C, almost all of the organic species in the fast pyrolysis bio-oil were converted to the liquid and gas phase in 30min, resulting in a high yield of the upgraded oil (83.0wt%) with an enhanced HHV of 34.1MJkg−1 and very low values of TAN (4.8mgKOHg−1) and water (1.6wt%) when compared to the fast pyrolysis bio-oil (HHV, 24.3MJkg−1; TAN, 69.4mgKOHg−1; water, 14.0wt%). The major chemical species in the upgraded oil were alcohols, esters, phenols, hydrocarbons, and aromatics. After aging at 80°C for one week, a marginal increase in the viscosity of the upgraded bio-oil was observed, indicating a significant improvement in the stability of the bio-oil. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of the process performed in a commercial boiler demonstrated that the upgraded oil firing exhibited high gas temperature profiles, a high firing peak of 1599°C, and a high total heat transfer rate of 121.81MWth. These results are comparable to the performance parameters of conventional heavy oil-firing processes.

Suggested Citation

  • Prajitno, Hermawan & Insyani, Rizki & Park, Jongkeun & Ryu, Changkook & Kim, Jaehoon, 2016. "Non-catalytic upgrading of fast pyrolysis bio-oil in supercritical ethanol and combustion behavior of the upgraded oil," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 12-22.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:172:y:2016:i:c:p:12-22
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.03.093
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    2. Li, Haowei & Ma, Hongwei & Zhao, Weijie & Li, Xuehui & Long, Jinxing, 2019. "Upgrading lignin bio-oil for oxygen-containing fuel production using Ni/MgO: Effect of the catalyst calcination temperature," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    3. Wan Mahari, Wan Adibah & Chong, Cheng Tung & Cheng, Chin Kui & Lee, Chern Leing & Hendrata, Kristian & Yuh Yek, Peter Nai & Ma, Nyuk Ling & Lam, Su Shiung, 2018. "Production of value-added liquid fuel via microwave co-pyrolysis of used frying oil and plastic waste," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 309-317.
    4. Lam, Su Shiung & Wan Mahari, Wan Adibah & Ok, Yong Sik & Peng, Wanxi & Chong, Cheng Tung & Ma, Nyuk Ling & Chase, Howard A. & Liew, Zhenling & Yusup, Suzana & Kwon, Eilhann E. & Tsang, Daniel C.W., 2019. "Microwave vacuum pyrolysis of waste plastic and used cooking oil for simultaneous waste reduction and sustainable energy conversion: Recovery of cleaner liquid fuel and techno-economic analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    5. Prajitno, Hermawan & Park, Jongkeun & Ryu, Changkook & Park, Ho Young & Lim, Hyun Soo & Kim, Jaehoon, 2018. "Effects of solvent participation and controlled product separation on biomass liquefaction: A case study of sewage sludge," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C), pages 402-416.
    6. Zhang, Xinghua & Tang, Wenwu & Zhang, Qi & Wang, Tiejun & Ma, Longlong, 2018. "Hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived phenoic compounds to hydrocarbon fuel over supported Ni-based catalysts," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C), pages 73-79.
    7. Muley, P.D. & Henkel, C.E. & Aguilar, G. & Klasson, K.T. & Boldor, D., 2016. "Ex situ thermo-catalytic upgrading of biomass pyrolysis vapors using a traveling wave microwave reactor," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 995-1004.
    8. Remón, J. & Arcelus-Arrillaga, P. & García, L. & Arauzo, J., 2018. "Simultaneous production of gaseous and liquid biofuels from the synergetic co-valorisation of bio-oil and crude glycerol in supercritical water," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 2275-2287.
    9. Do, Truong Xuan & Mujahid, Rana & Lim, Hyun Soo & Kim, Jae-Kon & Lim, Young-Il & Kim, Jaehoon, 2020. "Techno-economic analysis of bio heavy-oil production from sewage sludge using supercritical and subcritical water," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 30-42.
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